Microhabitat heterogeneity and organic resources drive invertebrate diversity in a remote Brazilian limestone cave
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/rbesp.v2i14.2855Palabras clave:
cave fauna, troglobites, Pantanal, taxonomic distinction, conservationResumen
Subterranean ecosystems are characterized by environmental stability and limited trophic resources, supporting fauna with specialized adaptations to life in darkness. Despite their ecological relevance, many Brazilian caves remain poorly studied, particularly in the Pantanal biome, restricting our understanding of subterranean biodiversity. This study investigated the effects of environmental variables on invertebrate richness, composition, and taxonomic diversity in the remote Ricardo Franco limestone cave. Invertebrate assemblages, microclimatic conditions (temperature and humidity), and the diversity and availability of trophic and shelter substrates were recorded at two spatial scales: mesoscale (30 m² sectors) and microscale (1 m² quadrats), along gradients of distance from the entrance. We identified 30 species, including six troglobites: Potiicoara brasiliensis, Megagidiella azul, Novamundoniscus n. sp., Pirassunungoleptes n. sp., Chernetidae sp., and Chelodesmidae sp. At the mesoscale, species richness declined with increasing distance from the entrance but increased with greater habitat heterogeneity and organic resource availability; species composition was also shaped by distance. At the microscale, no variable significantly explained richness or composition, though trophic resource diversity showed a potential role in structuring communities. Taxonomic diversity was mainly driven by temperature, humidity, and shelter availability, which together explained over 90% of variation. These results emphasize the role of environmental gradients and habitat complexity in structuring subterranean assemblages and support the recognition of Ricardo Franco Cave as a conservation priority.
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