Más Allá de las Orillas: La Influencia de un Río Subterráneo en la Comunidad de Invertebrados de Cueva — Un Estudio de Caso en Niquelândia, Goiás, Brasil
Palabras clave:
Drenaje, Invertebrados, Cuevas, Estructura de Comunidades, Temperatura, HumedadResumen
Los cursos de agua en el interior de las cuevas pueden influir fuertemente en la riqueza y la composición de las comunidades de invertebrados terrestres, al proporcionar humedad y transportar recursos orgánicos desde los hábitats de superficie. Para poner a prueba esta hipótesis, realizamos muestreos en una cueva caliza, comparando dos ambientes distintos: las márgenes de una corriente activa y un conducto superior más seco. Utilizando una metodología estandarizada, establecimos sectores de 30 m² y cuadrantes de 1 m² como unidades de muestreo para registrar invertebrados terrestres y caracterizar los microhábitats del suelo (distancia al curso de agua, temperatura, humedad, diversidad de sustratos, disponibilidad de refugio y de recursos orgánicos). La composición y la riqueza de especies difirieron significativamente entre áreas húmedas y secas, con 35 especies registradas cerca del curso de agua y 27 en zonas más secas. Los cursos de agua subterráneos modifican directamente las condiciones microambientales, como la humedad y la temperatura, además de aumentar la disponibilidad de recursos orgánicos. Asimismo, promueven una mayor heterogeneidad de hábitats al transportar detritos que sirven de refugio y sitios de reproducción. Estos resultados amplían nuestra comprensión sobre el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas subterráneos y ofrecen bases para estrategias de conservación y manejo de estos ambientes.
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