Rumo à gestão em paisagens de conservação: um framework de código aberto para análise de gradientes do regime de fogo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v16i3.2961Palavras-chave:
dNBR, fire severity , NBR, open-source tool , savannasResumo
Os incêndios florestais se tornaram um grande desafio ambiental, agravado pelas mudanças climáticas. Embora as tecnologias de sensoriamento remoto tenham avançado, o seu uso para monitorar a frequência e a severidade dos incêndios ainda é limitado, especialmente em regiões com poucos recursos. Para resolver isso, desenvolvemos uma ferramenta de código aberto no Google Earth Engine que gera mapas de regimes de incêndio, combinando dados de frequência e severidade de incêndios. A ferramenta utiliza dados de satélite acessíveis gratuitamente, incluindo o MapBiomas Fogo (1985–2023) e índices de incêndio (NBR, dNBR) da imagem do Sentinel-2A (2019–2023). Aplicada a duas unidades de conservação em savanas brasileiras, a ferramenta revelou regimes de fogo contrastantes: na APA Chapada dos Guimarães, 68% das áreas queimadas apresentaram baixa frequência e baixa severidade, consistentes com a vegetação de cerrado adaptada ao fogo, enquanto regimes de maior intensidade se concentraram nas pastagens; na RPPN SESC Pantanal, 90% da área queimada foi afetada por severidade moderada a alta, fortemente influenciada pelos eventos excepcionais de 2019 e 2020. A ferramenta oferece uma solução de baixo custo, escalável e replicável para monitorar a dinâmica de incêndios, identificar áreas prioritárias para intervenção e apoiar a tomada de decisões em unidades de conservação. Seu caráter de código aberto e o uso de dados satelitais gratuitos democratizam o monitoramento ambiental, tornando-o acessível mesmo em contextos com recursos limitados. Essa abordagem se alinha às estratégias globais de mitigação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas e contribui para iniciativas científicas e políticas voltadas à mitigação de incêndios e ao manejo sustentável dos ecossistemas.
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