Frugivoria de peixes em áreas úmidas neotropicais: passado, presente e futuro de uma Interação Única
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v9i2.777Palavras-chave:
Abordagem ecossistêmica das pescarias, mudanças climáticas, dispersão de sementes, floresta de planície de inundação, reflorestamentoResumo
A frugivoria eÌ um haÌbito de alimentação generalizado entre os peixes, particularmente nas zonas uÌmidas tropicais da AmeÌrica do Sul. Essa antiga interação evoluiu haÌ cerca de 70 milhões de anos e, provavelmente, contribuiu para moldar comunidades de plantas em zonas uÌmidas neotropicais. ApoÌs quase quatro deÌcadas de pesquisa, estamos apenas começando a entender os mecanismos que influenciam a dispersão de sementes por peixes frugiÌvoros. Hoje, a persisteÌ‚ncia da interação uÌnica entre peixes e florestas eÌ ameaçada por mudanças no uso da terra e no clima global. Aqui, destaco algumas das principais lacunas de conhecimento em nossa compreensão da frugivoria dos peixes, sintetizo as ameaças atuais para as interações entre peixe e floresta, e discuto estrateÌgias de manejo para floresta e pesca em aÌreas alagaÌveis, incluindo a adoção da Abordagem de Ecossistemas para Pescas (EAF), proposta pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO). Neste artigo, sintetizo cada componente da EAF e ofereço ideias sobre sua implementação no contexto das pescarias das planiÌcies de inundação da AmeÌrica do Sul.
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