Identificação e classificação de patógenos com risco potencial de impactar as populações de Cetáceos marinhos, como critério para efetivação de ações de conservação
revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v13i4.2271Palavras-chave:
Agente infeccioso, causa mortis, causa mortis, diagnóstico, epidemia, mortalidadeResumo
Os planos de ação nacional de espécies ameaçadas de extinção no Brasil vêm sendo uma importante ferramenta de gestão para a conservação. O planejamento de ações voltadas para os cetáceos iniciou-se em 1997, porém, apesar das questões relacionadas à saúde dos cetáceos já sinalizarem uma preocupação desde o início, somente no atual ciclo (2019-2024) ações específicas para a identificação de patógenos foram incluídas. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos patógenos com potencial de impacto aos cetáceos marinhos no Brasil, incluindo aqueles já relatados no país e os que podem vir a ser identificados. O levantamento de trabalhos foi realizado em múltiplas plataformas e sem restrição de período, no entanto não foi uma busca com base em abordagem sistemática. Foram identificados vírus, bactérias, fungos e parasitas com potencial de impacto, podendo afetar a longevidade, reprodução ou causar a mortalidade das espécies, além de alguns possuírem potencial zoonótico. O levantamento elucida a diversidade de patógenos que podem acometer os cetáceos, assim como serve de base para monitoramentos de parâmetros de saúde da fauna marinha frente à preocupação dos cenários futuros relacionados à s doenças emergentes. Com isso, conclui-se que para a conservação dos cetáceos no Brasil é importante a realização do estudo de revisão, como uma baseline para a identificação de patógenos que possam afetar as populações de cetáceos no país. Além disso, incentivar à implementação de diagnósticos de doenças nos espécimes acessados pelas instituições de pesquisa, sempre reportando a informação para orientar o manejo e a conservação desses mamíferos.
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