Efeito de diferentes distúrbios antrópicos sobre assembleias de morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) em um ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v14i1.2393Palavras-chave:
fogo, silvicultura, impactos ambientais, neotrópicoResumo
A expansão das fronteiras agropecuárias é o principal vetor da perda de habitat naturais no mundo e a maior causadora de impactos sobre a biodiversidade até o ano de 2100, levando ao grande declínio de espécies nos trópicos. Devido à grande magnitude e velocidade da perda de habitat no arco do desmatamento (especialmente no Mato Grosso), é indispensável a análise dos efeitos de diferentes matrizes e distúrbios como o fogo, na biota das matas remanescentes. Nesse contexto, os morcegos são excelentes bioindicadores porque respondem a uma ampla gama de alterações antrópicas na qualidade do habitat. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo testar diferenças nas assembleias de morcegos de fragmentos florestais sobre diferentes distúrbios (fogo e diferentes limites de borda com eucalipto e seringal). Em 2012, morcegos foram capturados por redes de neblina durante seis noites consecutivas em seis sítios: três fragmentos florestais sob diferentes distúrbios (fogo, eucalipto, seringal) e três fragmentos controle. Foram registrados 83 morcegos de 21 espécies. Este estudo traz indicações conservacionistas de que plantios de seringais funcionam melhor como refúgio e corredor de fauna para morcegos do que eucaliptos, que têm copas muito abertas. Além disso, ainda se pode inferir que o fogo experimental, realizado dois anos antes da amostragem, teve um impacto mediano na quiropterofauna, que se mostrou menos impactada que nas áreas de eucalipto. Por fim, recomenda-se que monoculturas de eucalipto ou seringais invistam em estratégias de manutenção de sub-bosque para serem mais atrativas para a fauna.
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