Efecto de distintos desórdenes antrópica en ensamblajes de murciélagos en ecotono Cerrado-Amazónia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v14i1.2393Palabras clave:
fuego, silvicultura, impacto ambiental, NeotrópicoResumen
La expansión de las fronteras agrícolas es el principal impulsor de la pérdida de hábitats naturales en el mundo y será la principal causa de los impactos sobre la biodiversidad hasta el año 2100, provocando la gran disminución de especies en los trópicos. Debido a la gran magnitud y velocidad de pérdida de hábitat en la región del llamado "arco de la deforestación" (especialmente en el estado de Mato Grosso), es fundamental analizar los efectos de diferentes matrices y perturbaciones como el fuego sobre la biota de los bosques remanentes. En este contexto, los murciélagos son excelentes bioindicadores porque responden a una amplia gama de cambios antrópicos en la calidad del hábitat. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo probar las diferencias en los ensamblajes de murciélagos en fragmentos de bosque bajo diferentes perturbaciones (incendios y diferentes límites fronterizos con eucaliptos y árboles de caucho). En 2012, los murciélagos fueron capturados con redes de niebla seis noches, en seis sitios y bajo dos tratamientos: 3 fragmentos de bosque bajo diferentes condiciones (incendio, eucalipto, plantación de caucho) y fragmentos de control. Se registraron 83 murciélagos de 21 especies. Este estudio brinda indicaciones conservacionistas de que las plantaciones de caucho funcionan mejor como refugio y corredor de fauna para los murciélagos que los árboles de eucalipto, que tienen copas muy abiertas. Además, también se puede inferir que el fuego experimental realizado 2 años antes del muestreo tuvo un impacto medio sobre la quiropterofauna, que fue menos impactada que en las zonas de eucalipto. Finalmente, se recomienda que los monocultivos de eucalipto o las plantaciones de caucho inviertan en estrategias de mantenimiento del sotobosque para que sean más atractivos para la fauna.
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