Mitochondrial DNA Marker for Genetic-Population Studies of Amazon Turtle (Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v12i1.1938Keywords:
Conservation , genetic diversity, chelonianAbstract
Chelonians are long-living animals and few of their individuals reach adulthood. In addition to the low natural recruitment rate, several anthropic actions have made it difficult to maintain the populations of this group. Disordered exploitation to supply the illegal trade has been the most harmful, especially in Podocnemis expansa, because it is a species highly appreciated in Amazonian cuisine, and very vulnerable in the reproductive period, a time of greatest capture. Its history of exploitation caused a population imbalance in several locations in the Amazon, as could be seen during the almost three decades of monitoring in important spawning sites in conservation units of the Araguaia River. The present study developed molecular markers with the objective of testing and comparing them with primers already used, in addition to evaluating the genetic diversity and population structure of P. expansa in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin. For this, cutaneous tissue was collected from 120 specimens sampled in three localities in the middle and sub-middle Araguaia river, compared with mitochondrial DNA sequences from 22 localities. The control region of mitochondrial DNA of P. expansa is difficult to amplify, and the pair of primers from other studies did not amplify with the biological material used in this work, showing the efficiency of the molecular marker made. The use of these primers will facilitate field sampling, although the use of skin tissue confers a smaller amount of DNA extracted when compared to blood tissue, their collection can be applied more widely and frequently as biological material in monitoring and management programs of chelonians, facilitating genetic research with these animals. As for genetic evaluation, panmixia was characterized in the Tocantins-Araguaia basin and low genetic diversity, agreeing with data of the species. If conservation strategies are not efficient in reversing a probable genetic drift process, significant population damage may occur, nodded ly regarding the adaptive issues of the species.
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