Por que é importante entender as inter-relações entre pessoas, fogo e áreas protegidas? Why it is important to understand the relationship between people, fire and protected areas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v1i2.137Palabras clave:
áreas protegidas, comunidades locais, fogo;, plano de manejo, manejo adaptativoResumen
O fogo e seus impactos sobre a biodiversidade e os recursos naturais tem se destacado nas discussões ligadas ao manejo das áreas protegidas. De outro lado, a viabilidade das unidades de conservação como locais de proteção da biodiversidade a longo prazo depende diretamente dos processos sociais e ecológicos que se dão em seu entorno, o que inclui o fogo. Na presente revisão, analisamos o tema buscando um maior entendimento a respeito do que determina o uso do fogo, assim como seu abuso pelas pessoas, e as soluções encontradas por elas para o manejo das vastas paisagens circunvizinhas à s áreas de proteção. A tese defendida é a de que para haver efetivo controle do fogo e de seu uso é preciso que pesquisas multidisciplinares analisem as motivações e as formas de uso do fogo no contexto das realidades locais. Além disso, para que ocorram mudanças reais nesse cenário, são necessárias abordagens e metodologias participativas que enfoquem a experiência e os saberes de todos os atores sociais envolvidos na questão. Â
Citas
Adeney, J. M.; Christensen, N. L. & Pimm, S. L. 2009. Reserves protect against deforestation fires in the Amazon. PLoS One, 4: e5014.
Anderson, A.B. & Posey, D.A. 1985. Manejo de cerrado pelos indios Kayapó. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Botânica, 2(1): 77-98.
Aragão, L. & Shimabukuro, Y. E. 2010. The incidence of fire in Amazonian forests with implications for REDD. Science, 328: 1275-1278.
Barreto, C.B. 1999. Contribuição ao manejo e à restauração da Zona de Recuperação no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (MG), com referência especial aos incêndios, por meio de geoprocessamento. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro-SP.
Berardi, A. & Mistry, J. 2006. A multidisciplinary and participatory research approach in savannas and dry forests. p.265-271. In Mistry, J. & Berardi, A. (eds.) Savannas and dry forests: linking people with nature. Ashgate tions.
Berkes, F. 2004. Rethinking community-based conservation. Conservation Biology, 18(3): 621-630.
Berkes, F.; Colding, J. & Folke, C. eds. 2003. Navigating social-ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press.
Bilbao, B.A.; Leal, A.V. & Méndez, C.L. 2010. Indigenous use of fire and forest loss in Canaima National Park, Venezuela. Assessment of and tools for alternative strategies of fire management in Pemón indigenous lands. Human Ecology, 38: 663-673.
Bowman, D.; Balch, J.K.; Artaxo, P.; Bond, W.J.; Carlson, J.M.; Cochrane, M.A.; D'Antonio, C.M.; DeFries, R.S.; Doyle, J.C.; Harrison, S.P.; Johnson, F.H.; Keeley, J.E.; Krawchuk, M.A.; Kull, C.A.; Marston, J.B.; Moritz, M.A.; Prentice, I.C.; Roos, C.I.; Scott, A.C.; Sewtnam, T.W.; van der Werf, G.R. & Pyne, S.J. 2009. Fire in the earth system. Science, 324: 481-484.
Braithwaite, R.W. 1996. Biodiversity and fire in the savanna landscape. p.121-140. In Solbrig, O.T.; Medina, E. & Silva, J. (eds.). Biodiversity and savanna ecosystem processes. Springer.
Brockington, D.; Duffy, R. & Igoe, J. 2008. Nature unbound. Conservation, capitalism and the future of protected areas. Earthscan.
Brockington, D.; West, P. & Igoe, J. 2006. Parks and peoples: the social impact of protected areas. Annual Review of Anthropology, 35: 251-277.
Carmenta, R.; Parry, L.; Blackburn, A.; Vermeylen, S. & Barlow, J. 2011. Understanding human-fire interactions in tropical forest regions: a case for interdisciplinary research across the natural and social sciences. Ecology and Society, 16(1): 53 [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss1/art53
Carvelheiro, K. 2004. Community fire management in the Marana region, Brazilian Amazonia. Dissertation. University of Florida.
Costanza, J.K. & Moody, A. Deciding where to burn: stakeholder priorities for prescribed burning of a firedependent ecosystem. Ecology and Society, 16(1): 14 [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/ vol16/iss1/art14
Dennis, R.A.; Mayer, J.; Applegate, G.; Chokkalingam, U.; Colfer, C. J. P.; Kurniawan, I.; Lachowski, H.; Maus, P.; Permana, R. P.; Ruchiat, Y.; Stolle, F.; Suyanto & Tomich, T. P. 2005. Fire, people and pixels: Linking social science and remote sensing to understand underlying causes and impacts of fires in Indonesia. Human Ecology, 33: 465-504.
Eriksen, C. 2007. Why do they burn the ‘bush'? Fire, rural livelihoods, and conservation in Zambia. Geographical Review, 173: 242-256.
Forsyth, T., 1996. Science, myth and knowledge: testing Himalayan environmental degradation in Thailand. Geoforum, 27, 375-392.
França, H. 2010. Os incêndios de 2010 nos parques nacionais do cerrado. Technical report. Universidade Federal do ABC. (Accessed 16 May 2011).
França, H.; Ramos Neto, M.B. & Setzer, A. 2007. O fogo no Parque Nacional das Emas. Série Biodiversidade, v. 27, Ministério do Meio Ambiente.
Gunderson, L. & Holling, C.S. eds. 2002. Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press.
Hayes, N. & Rajão, R. 2011. Competing institutional logics and sustainable development: the case of geographic information systems in Brazil's Amazon region. Information Technology for Development, 17: 4-23.
Haynes, C.D. 1985. The pattern and ecology of munwag: traditional Aboriginal fire regimes in north-central Arnhemland. Proceedings of the Ecological Society of Australia, 13: 203-214.
Haynes, C.D. 1991. Use and impact of fire. p.61-71. In Haynes, C.D.; Ridpath, M.G. & Williams, M.A.J. (eds.). Monsoonal Australia: landscape, ecology and man in the northern lowlands. A.A. Balkema.
Hudak, A.T.; Fairbanks, D.H.K. & Brockett, B.H. 2004. Trends in fire patterns in a southern African savanna under alternative land use practices. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 101: 307-325.
Igoe, J. 2006. Ecosystem dynamics and institutional inertia: a discussion of landscape conservation in northern Tanzania. p. 77-103. In Mistry, J. & Berardi, A. (eds.). Savannas and dry forests: linking people with nature. Ashgate tions.
Kuhlken, R. 1999. Settin' the woods on fire: rural incendiarism as protest. Geographical Review, 89: 343-363.
Kull, C.A. & Laris, P. 2009. Fire ecology and fire politics in Mali and Madagascar. p. 71-226. In Cochrane, M.A. ed. Tropical fire ecology: climate change, land use and ecosystem dynamics. Springer-Praxis.
Kull, C.A. 2002. Madagascar aflame: landscape burning as peasant protest, resistance, or a resource management tool? Political Geography, 21: 927-953.
Kull, C.A. 2004. Isle of fire: the political ecology of landscape burning in Madagascar. University of Chicago Press. 324pp.
Laris, P. & Wardell D.A. 2006. Good, bad or ‘necessary evil'? Reinterpreting the colonial burning experiments in the savanna landscapes of West Africa. Geographical Journal, 172: 271-90.
Laris, P. 2002. Burning the seasonal mosaic: preventative burning strategies in the wooded savanna of southern Mali. Human Ecology, 30(2): 155-186.
Laris, P. 2006. Managing a burned mosaic: a landscape-scale human ecological model of savanna fires in Mali. p. 155-186. In Mistry, J. & Berardi, A. (eds.). Savannas and dry forests: linking people with nature. Ashgate tions.
Lewis, H.T. 1989. Ecological and technological knowledge of fire: Aborigines versus park rangers in Northern Australia. American Anthropologist, 91: 940-961.
Mbow, C.; Nielson, T.T. & Rasmussen, K. 2000. Savanna fires in east-central Senegal: distribution patterns, resource management and perceptions. Human Ecology, 28(4): 561-583.
McGregor, S.; Lawson, V.; Chritophersen, P.; Kennett, R.; Boyden, J.; Bayliss, P.; Liedloff, A.; McKaige, B. & Andersen, A.N. 2010. Indiegnous wetland burning: conserving natural and cultural resources in Australia's World Hertiage-listed Kakadu National Park. Human Ecology, 38: 721-729.
Medeiros, M.B., & Fiedler, N.C. 2004. Incêndios florestais no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra: desafios para a conservação da biodiversidade. Ciência Florestal, 14: 157-168.
Mistry, J. & Berardi, A. (eds.). 2006. Savannas and dry forests: linking people with nature. Ashgate tions.
Mistry, J. & Berardi, A. 2005. Assessing fire potential in a Brazilian savanna nature reserve. Biotropica, 37(3): 439-451.
Mistry, J. 1998. Decision-making for fire use among farmers in savannas: an exploratory study in the Distrito Federal, central Brazil. Journal of Environmental Management, 54: 321-334.
Mistry, J.; Berardi, A.; Andrade, V.; Krahô, T.; Krahô, P. & Leonardos, O. 2005. Indigenous fire management in the cerrado of Brazil: the case of the Krahô of Tocantíns. Human Ecology, 33(3): 365-386.
Mutch , R.; Lee, B. & Perkins, J. 1999. policies affecting forest fires in the Americas and the Caribbean. P. 65-108. In Proceedings of the FAO meeting on policies affecting forest fires. FAO Forestry Paper 138. FAO, Rome.
Nepstad, D.; Schwartzman, S.; Bamberger, B.; Santilli, M.; Ray, D.; Schlesinger, P.; Lefebvre, P.; Alencar, A.; Prinz, E.; Fiske, G. & Rolla, A. 2006. Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and indigenous lands. Conservation Biology, 20: 65-73.
Parr, C.L. & Brockett, B.H. 1999. Patch-mosaic burning: a new paradigm for savanna fire management in protected areas? Koedoe, 42: 117-130.
Parr, C.L.; Woinarski, J.C.Z. & Pienaar, D.J. 2009. Cornerstones of biodiversity conservation? Comparing the management effectiveness of Kruger and Kakadu National Parks, two key savanna reserves. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18: 3643-3662.
Pickett, S.T.A.; Cadenasso, M.L. & Benning, T.L. 2003. Biotic and abiotic variability as key determinants of savanna heterogeneity at multiple spatiotemporal scales. p. 22-40. In du Toit, J.T.; Rogers, K.H. & Biggs, H.C. eds. The Kruger experience. Ecology and management of savanna heterogeneity. Island Press.
Pivello, V.R. 2006. Fire management for biological conservation in the Brazilian cerrado. p. 129-154. In Mistry, J. & Berardi, A. (eds.). Savannas and dry forests: linking people with nature. Ashgate tions.
Pivello, V.R. 2011. The use of fire in the cerrado and Amazonian rainforests of Brazil: past and present. Fire Ecology, 7(1): 24-39.
Porro, R. 2005. Palms, pastures and swidden fields: the grounded political ecology of "agro-extractive/ shifting-cultivator peasants" in Maranhão, Brazil. Human Ecology, 33(1): 17-56.
Posey, D.A. 1985. Indigenous management of tropical forest ecosystems: the case of the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. Agroforestry Systems, 3: 139-158.
Pyne, S.J. 1997. Vestal fire. University of Washington Press.
Robbins, P. 2003. Beyound ground truth: GIS and the environmental knowledge of herders, professional foresters and other traditional communities. Human Ecology, 31(1): 233-253.
Rodriguez, I. 2007. Pemón perspectives of fire management in Canaima National Park, southeastern Venezuela. Human Ecology, 35: 331-343.
Russell-Smith, J.; Djoeroemans, S.; Maan, J. & Pandanga, P. 2007. Rural livelihoods and burning practices in savanna landscapes of Nusa Tenggara Timur, eastern Indonesia. Human Ecology, 35: 345-349.
Russell-Smith, J.; Lucas, D.; Gapindi, M.; Gunbunuka, B.; Kapirigi, N.; Namingum, G.; Lucas, K.; Giuliani, P. & Chaloupka, G. 1997. Aboriginal resource utilisation and fire management practice in western Arnhem Land, monsoonal northern Australia: notes for prehistory, lessons for the future. Human Ecology, 25(2): 159-195.
Schmerbeck, J. & Seeland, K. 2007. Fire supported forest utilisation of a degraded dry forest as a means of sustainable local forest management in Tamil Nadu, South India. Land Use Policy, 24: 62-71.
Simmons, C. S.; Walker, R. T.; Wood, C. H.; Arima, E. & Cochrane, M. 2004. Wildfires in Amazonia: a pilot study examining the role of farming systems, social capital, and fire contagion. Journal of Latin American Geography, 3: 81-95.
Sletto, B. 2008. The knowledge that counts: institutional identities, policy science and the conflict over fire management in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela. World Development, 36: 1938-1955.
Sorrensen, C. 2009. Potential hazards of land policy: conservation, rural development and fire use in the Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy, 26: 782-791.
Uhl, C. & Buschbacher, R. 1985. A disturbing synergism between cattle ranching practices and selective tree harvesting in the eastern Amazon. Biotropica, 17: 265-268.
Van Wilgen, B.W. & Biggs, H.C. 2011. A critical assessment of adaptive ecosystem management in a large savanna protected area in South Africa. Biological Conservation, 144: 1179-1187.
Van Wilgen, B.W. 2009. The evolution of fire management practices in savanna protected areas in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, 105: 343-349.
Vigilante, T. & Bowman, D.M.J.S. 2004. Effects of individual fire events on the flower production of fruitbearing tree species, with references to Aboriginal people's management and use, at Kalumburu, North Kimberley, Australia. Australian Journal of Botany, 52: 405-415.
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Os artigos estão licenciados sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O acesso é livre e gratuito para download e leitura, ou seja, é permitido copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer mídia ou formato.
