Population structure and reproductive biology of Cichla vazzoleri (Perciformes: Cichlidae): subsidies for fisheries management in the surroundings of REBIO Uatumã, Amazonas, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v14i2.2467Palavras-chave:
Parental care, size at first maturation, reproductive period, fishery management, peacock bass, hydroelectric plantResumo
Cichla vazzoleri (peacock bass) is a fish of great economic importance in the Balbina Reservoir (UHE Balbina, at Uatumã River, surroundings of REBIO Uatumã, state of Amazonas), due to both commercial and recreational fishing. The high fishing pressure over about 40 decades depleted the stock and decreased fish body size. In this paper we examined the effect of the REBIO Uatumã on sustaining fish stock, the population structure, and the reproductive biology of tucunaré based on monthly sampling over a year. The effect of the REBIO Uatumã was evaluated by comparing fish abundance and size inside and outside the protected area. The population structure in the reservoir was analyzed based on fish size distributions and sex ratio. Regarding reproductive biology, we determined the phases of gonadal development, mean size at first reproduction, fecundity, type of spawning, physiological indices, and reproductive period. The abundance and body size of C. vazzoleri were higher inside the protected area. The population structure demonstrated a prevalence of small to medium-sized individuals, with more males in the largest classes. The mean size at first sexual maturation was 267 mm of standard length for females, and all individuals larger than 310 mm were fully-matured adults. The species shows multiple spawning events, spawning throughout the year, mainly between October and January which is corroborated by most indices and the temporal distribution of ripe females. These results provide important information for the management of tucunaré stocks to avoid overexploitation of an important fishery resource.
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