Os efeitos dos regimes de fogo sobre a vegetação de Cerrado no Parque Nacional das Emas, GO: Considerações para a conservação da diversidade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v1i2.136Palavras-chave:
biomassa vegetal, diversidade filogenética, diversidade funcional, manejo, soloResumo
O fogo é um importante agente evolutivo que pode causar alterações florísticas, filogenéticas e funcionais nas comunidades vegetais de cerrado, alterando a composição do solo e modificando as interações interespecíficas. Aqui discutimos os efeitos do fogo sobre a vegetação de cerrado e levantamos sugestões para o seu manejo em unidades de conservação. Com especial ênfase para trabalhos realizados no Parque Nacional das Emas, na fisionomia de campo cerrado, compilamos os seguintes resultados: em maiores frequências de fogo (queimadas anuais ou bienais) ocorre agrupamento fenotípico, diminuição da competição, diminuição da biomassa vegetal e enriquecimento dos solos; em menor frequência (sem queimadas há doze anos), há maior competição entre as espécies e grande acúmulo de biomassa seca. Além disso, diferentes regimes de fogo suportam diferentes composições florísticas, com grupos de espécies exclusivos em cada regime, tanto de espécies herbáceo-subarbustivas quanto de arbustivo-arbóreas. Portanto, sugerimos que seja mantido um mosaico com diferentes regimes de fogo e que se evitem áreas de cerrado sem queimadas por muitos anos.
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