Gestão do turismo e da biodiversidade em áreas protegidas:
uma revisão sistemática internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v15i1.2682Palavras-chave:
Áreas protegidas , visitação, natureza , monitoramentoResumo
As áreas protegidas são amplamente reconhecidas como uma das principais estratégias para a conservação de espécies e ecossistemas e por serem locais privilegiados para o turismo e a recreação na natureza. No entanto, se a relação entre o turismo e a conservação não for adequadamente monitorada e gerenciada, tanto os valores do turismo quanto os da biodiversidade podem ser perdidos. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo levantar informações disponíveis sobre a gestão do turismo sustentável e da conservação da biodiversidade em áreas protegidas, além de buscar oportunidades de pesquisa. Adicionalmente, procuramos na literatura selecionada evidências de que o turismo contribui para a conservação da natureza e de que o monitoramento da biodiversidade é realizado rotineiramente nas áreas protegidas. Utilizando o protocolo PRISMA como orientação, a partir de 73 registros recuperados do Portal de Periódicos da Capes, 27 artigos científicos revisados por pares em inglês foram selecionados para a análise. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar de 52 % dos artigos analisados apresentarem uma visão positiva da relação do turismo com a conservação da natureza, apenas 33% forneceram evidências. Nenhum dos artigos utilizou ou mencionou dados de monitoramento das áreas protegidas em seus estudos. Entre as oportunidades de pesquisa identificadas, destacamos a ciência cidadã como uma possibilidade para viabilizar o monitoramento tanto da biodiversidade quanto dos impactos ecológicos do turismo nas áreas protegidas. O estudo indica limitações na gestão das áreas protegidas e aponta estratégias para assegurar que o turismo nessas áreas seja realmente sustentável.
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