Frugivoria de peixes em áreas úmidas neotropicais: passado, presente e futuro de uma Interação Única
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v9i2.777Palavras-chave:
Abordagem ecossistêmica das pescarias, mudanças climáticas, dispersão de sementes, floresta de planície de inundação, reflorestamentoResumo
A frugivoria é um hábito de alimentação generalizado entre os peixes, particularmente nas zonas úmidas tropicais da América do Sul. Essa antiga interação evoluiu há cerca de 70 milhões de anos e, provavelmente, contribuiu para moldar comunidades de plantas em zonas úmidas neotropicais. Após quase quatro décadas de pesquisa, estamos apenas começando a entender os mecanismos que influenciam a dispersão de sementes por peixes frugívoros. Hoje, a persistência da interação única entre peixes e florestas é ameaçada por mudanças no uso da terra e no clima global. Aqui, destaco algumas das principais lacunas de conhecimento em nossa compreensão da frugivoria dos peixes, sintetizo as ameaças atuais para as interações entre peixe e floresta, e discuto estratégias de manejo para floresta e pesca em áreas alagáveis, incluindo a adoção da Abordagem de Ecossistemas para Pescas (EAF), proposta pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO). Neste artigo, sintetizo cada componente da EAF e ofereço ideias sobre sua implementação no contexto das pescarias das planícies de inundação da América do Sul.
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