Frugivoria de peixes em áreas úmidas neotropicais: passado, presente e futuro de uma Interação Única

Sandra Bibiana Correa

doi:10.37002/biobrasil.v9i2.777

Autores/as

Sandra Bibiana Correa Mississippi State UniversityDepartment of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37002/biobrasil.v9i2.777

Palabras clave:

Enfoque de ecosistemas en la pesca, cámbio climático, dispersión de semillas, bosques de planes de inundación, repoblación forestal

Resumen

La frugivoría es un hábito de alimentación común entre los peces, especialmente en los humedales tropicales de América del Sur. Esta interacción antigua evolucionó hace casi 70 Ma y probablemente contribuyó a definir la configuración de las comunidades de plantas en los humedales Neotropicales. Después de casi cuatro décadas de investigación, apenas estamos empezando a comprender los mecanismos que influencian la frugivoría y la dispersión de semillas por peces. Hoy en día, la persistencia de la interacción única entre los peces y los bosques se ve amenazada por los cambios en el uso de la tierra y el cambio climático global. En este artículo, resalto algunas de las principales brechas de conocimiento en nuestra comprensión acerca de la frugivoría en peces, resumo las amenazas actuales a las interacciones entre peces y bosques, y discuto estrategias de manejo para los bosques de llanuras inundables y la pesca, incluida la adopción del Enfoque de Ecosistemas en la Pesca (EEP), propuesta por La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO). Específicamente, resumo cada componente de la EEP y ofrezco perpectivas sobre su implementación en el contexto de las pesquerías en planos de inundación de América del Sur.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Abell, R.; Thieme, M.; Ricketts, T.H.; Olwero, N.; Ng, R.; Petry, P.; Dinerstein, E.; Revenga, C. & Hoekstra, J. 2011. Concordance of freshwater and terrestrial biodiversity. Conservation Letters, 4: 127-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00153.x

Adam, T.C.; Burkepile, D.E.; Ruttenberg, B.I. & Paddack. M.J. 2015. Herbivory and the resilience of Caribbean coral reefs: knowledge gaps and implications for management. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 520: 1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11170

Adams, C.; Rodrigues, S.T.; Calmon, M. & Kumar, C. 2016. Impacts of large-scale forest restoration on socioeconomic status and local livelihoods: what we know and do not know. Biotropica, 48: 731744. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12385

Anderson, J.T.; Nuttle, T.; Saldaña-Rojas, J.S.; Pendergast, T.H. & Flecker, A.S. 2011. Extremely longdistance seed dispersal by an overfished Amazonian frugivore. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci., 278: 3329-3335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0155

Anderson, J.T.; Saldana Rojas, J. & Flecker, A.S. 2009. High-quality seed dispersal by fruit-eating fishes in Amazonian floodplain habitats. Oecologia, 161: 279-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1371-4

Arantes, C.C.; Winemiller, K.O.; Petrere, M.; Castello, L.; Freitas, C.E. & Hess, L.L. 2017. Relationships between forest cover and fish diversity in the Amazon River floodplain. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55: 386-395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12967

Artioli, A.P. & Resende, E.K.d. 2005. Occupation of riparian vegetation by sport fishing activities in the Miranda River, Pantanal, MS, Brazil. Embrapa Pantanal. Barbosa, R.I. & Fearnside, P.M. 2005. Fire frequency and area burned in the Roraima savannas of Brazilian Amazonia. Forest Ecology anda Management, 204: 371-384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.09.011

Boedeltje, G.; Jongejans, E.; Spanings, T. & Verberk, W.C. 2016. Effect of gut passage in fish on the germination speed of aquatic and riparian plants. Aquatic Botany, 132: 12-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2016.03.004

Boedeltje, G.; Spanings, T.; Flik, G.; Pollux, B.J.; Sibbing, F.A. & Verberk, W.C.E.P. 2015. Effects of seed traits on the potential of seed dispersal by fish with contrasting modes of feeding. Freshwater Biology, 60: 944-959. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12550

Calcagnotto, D. & DeSalle, R. 2009. Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Parana-Paraguay Basin: evidence from microsatellites. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7: 607616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252009000400008

Campos, C.P.; Sousa, R.G.C.; Catarino, M.F. Costa, G.A. & Freitas, C.E.C. 2015. Population dynamics and stock assessment of Colossoma macropomum caught in the Manacapuru Lake system (Amazon Basin, Brazil). Fisheries Management and Ecology, 22: 400-406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12139

Chazdon, R.L. 2008. Beyond deforestation: restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science, 320: 1458-1460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155365

Comín, F.A.; Miranda, B.; Sorando, R.; Felipe, M.R.; Lucia; Jiménez, J.J. & Navarro, E. 2018. Prioritizing sites for ecological restoration based on ecosystem services. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55 (3): 1155-1163. Correa, S.B. 2008. Fish assemblage structure is consistent through an annual hydrological cycle in habitats of a floodplain-lake in the Colombian Amazon. Neotropical Ichthyology, 6: 257-266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252008000200014

Correa, S.B.; Araujo, J.K.M.; Penha, J.M.F.; Nunes da Cunha, C.; Stevenson, P.R. & Anderson, J.T. 2015a. Overfishing disrupts an ancient mutualism between frugivorous fishes and plants in Neotropical wetlands. Biological Conservation, 191: 159-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.019

Correa, S.B.; Costa-Pereira, R.; Fleming, T.H.; Goulding, M. & Anderson, J.T. 2015b. Neotropical fruitfish interactions: eco-evolutionary dynamics and conservation. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 90: 1263-1278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12153

Correa, S.B.; Oliveira, P. de; Nunes da Cunha, C.; Penha, J. & Anderson, J.T. 2018. Water and fish select for fleshy fruits in tropical wetland forests. Biotropica, 50: 312-318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12524

Junk, W.J.; Nunes da Cunha, C.; Wantzen, K.M.; Petermann, P.; Strüssmann, C.; Marques, M.I. & Adis, J. 2006. Biodiversity and its conservation in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Aquat. Sci., 68: 278-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-006-0851-4

Junk, W.J.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Schöngart, J.; Wittmann, F. & Parolin, P. 2010. Amazonian Floodplain Forests: Ecophysiology, Biodiversity and Sustainable Management. Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg. 634p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8725-6

Junk, W.J. & Nunes da Cunha, C. 2012. Pasture clearing from invasive woody plants in the Pantanal: a tool for sustainable management or environmental destruction? Wetl. Ecol. Manag., 20: 111-122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-011-9246-y

Junk, W.J. 2013. Current state of knowledge regarding South America wetlands and their future under global climate change. Aquat. Sci., 75: 113-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-012-0253-8

Junk, W.J.; An, S.; Finlayson, C.M.; Gopal, B.; Kvet, J.; Mitchell, S.A.; Mitsch, W.J. & Robarts, R.D. 2013. Current state of knowledge regarding the world's wetlands and their future under global climate change: a synthesis. Aquat. Sci., 75: 151-167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-012-0278-z

Junk, W.J.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Lourival, R.; Wittmann, F.; Kandus, P.; Lacerda, L.D.; Bozelli, R.L.; Esteves, F.A.; Nunes da Cunha, C.; Maltchik, L.; Schöngart, J.; Schaeffer-Novelli, Y. & Agostinho, A.A. 2014a. Brazilian wetlands: their definition, delineation, and classification for research, sustainable management, and protection. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 24: 5-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2386

Junk, W.J.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Lourival, R.; Wittmann, F.; Kandus, P.; Lacerda, L.D.; Bozelli, R.L.; Esteves, F.A.; Nunes da Cunha, C.; Maltchik, L.; Schöngart, J.; Schaeffer-Novelli, Y.; Agostinho, A.A.; Nóbrega, R.L.B. & Camargo, E. 2014b. Definição e Classificação das Áreas Úmidas (AUs) Brasileiras: Base Científica para uma Nova Política de Proteção e Manejo Sustentável. In: Nunes da Cunha, C.; Piedade, M.T.F. & Junk, W.J. (orgs.). Classificação e Delineamento das Áreas Úmidas Brasileiras e de seus Macrohabitats. EdUFMT. 156p.

Junk, W.J.; Piedade, M.T.F.; Schöngart, J. & Wittmann, F. 2014c. A Classificação dos Macrohabitats das Várzeas Amazônicas. In: Nunes da Cunha, C.; Piedade M.T.F. & Junk, W.J. (orgs.): Classificação e Delineamento das Áreas Úmidas Brasileiras e de seus Macrohabitats. EdUFMT. 156p.

Junk, W.J.; Wittmann, F.; Schöngart, J. & Piedade, M.T.F. 2015: A classification of the major habitats of Amazonian black-water river floodplains and a comparison with their white-water counterparts. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 23(4): 677-693. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-015-9412-8

Junk, W.J. & Nunes da Cunha, C. 2016. The Pantanal: A Brief Review of its Ecology, Biodiversity, and Protection Status. In: Finlayson, C.M.; Milton, R.; Prentice, C. & Davidson, N. (orgs.). The Wetland Book II: Distribution, Description and Conservation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6173-5_129-1

Lazos-Chavero, E.; Zinda, J.; Bennett-Curry, A.; Balvanera, P.; Bloomfield, G.; Lindell, C. & Negra, C. 2016. Stakeholders and tropical reforestation: challenges, trade-offs, and strategies in dynamic environments. Biotropica, 48: 900-914. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12391

Lindell, C.A.; Reid, J.L. & Cole, R.J. 2013. Planting design effects on avian seed dispersers in a tropical forest restoration experiment. Restoration Ecology, 21: 515-522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00905.x

Lindell, C.A. & Thurston, G.M. 2013. Bird pollinator visitation is equivalent in island and plantation planting designs in tropical forest restoration sites. Sustainability, 5: 1177-1187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su5031177

Lobón-Cerviá, J.; Hess, L.L.; Melack, J.M. & Araujo-Lima, C.A. 2015. The importance of forest cover for fish richness and abundance on the Amazon floodplain. Hydrobiologia, 750: 245-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2040-0

Locatelli, B.; Catterall, C.P.; Imbach, P.; Kumar, C.; Lasco, R.; Marín-Spiotta, E.; Mercer, B.; Powers, J.S.; Schwartz, N. & Uriarte, M. 2015. Tropical reforestation and climate change: beyond carbon. Restoration Ecology, 23: 337-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12209

Londres, M.; Schulze, M. Staudhammer, C.L. & Kainer, K.A. 2017. Population structure and fruit production of Carapa guianensis (Andiroba) in Amazonian floodplain forests: Implications for community-based management. Tropical Conservation Science, 10: 1940082917718835. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917718835

Loubens, G. & Panfili, J. 1997. Biologie de Colosoma macropomum (Teleostei: Serrasalminae) dans le bassin du Mamoré (Amazonie bolivienne). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 8: 1-22.

Santos, M.C.F.; Ruffino, M.L. & Farias, I.P. 2007. High levels of genetic variability and panmixia of the Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1816) in the main channel of the Amazon River. Journal of Fish Biology, 71: 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01514.x

Saunders, D.L.; Meeuwig, J.J. & Vincent, A.C.J. 2002. Freshwater protected areas: strategies for conservation, 16: 30-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.99562.x

Schongart, J. & Queiroz, H.L. 2010. Traditional Timber Harvesting in the Central Amazonian Floodplains, p. 419-436. In: W.J. Junk, M.T.F. Piedade, F. Wittmann, J. Shongart, and P. Parolin, (eds.). Amazonian floodplain forests: Ecophysiology, biodiversity and sustainable management. Springer Netherlands. 618p.

Schupp, E.W.; Jordano, P. & Gomez, J.M. 2010. Seed dispersal effectiveness revisited: a conceptual review. New Phytologist, 188: 333-353. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03402.x

Sheikh, P.A.; Merry, F.D. & McGrath, D.G. 2006. Water buffalo and cattle ranching in the Lower Amazon Basin: Comparisons and conflicts. Agricultural Systems, 87: 313-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.02.003

Terborgh, J.; Huanca Nuñez, N.; Alvarez Loayza, P. & Cornejo Valverde, F. 2017. Gaps contribute tree diversity to a tropical floodplain forest. Ecology, 98: 2895-2903. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1991

Thompson, A.W.; Betancur-R., R.; López-Fernández, H. & Ortí, G. 2014. A time-calibrated, multi-locus phylogeny of piranhas, pacus, and allies (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) and a comparison of species tree methods. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 81: 242-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.06.018

Thomson, J.R.; Moilanen, A.J.; Vesk, P.A.; Bennett, A.F. & Mac Nally, R. 2009. Where and when to revegetate: a quantitative method for scheduling landscape reconstruction. Ecological Applications, 19: 817-828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0915.1

Tilman, D.; Isbell, F. & Cowles, J.M. 2014. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091917

Tockner, K. & Stanford, J.A. 2002. Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends. Environmental Conservation, 29: 308-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689290200022X

Traveset, A.; Rodríguez-Pérez, J. & Pías, B. 2008. Seed trait changes in dispersers' guts and consequences for germination and seedling growth. Ecology, 89: 95-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0094.1

Tregidgo, D.J.; Barlow, J.; Pompeu, P.S.; de Almeida Rocha, M. & Parry, L. 2017. Rainforest metropolis casts 1,000-km defaunation shadow. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114: 8655-8659. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614499114

Verdú, M. & Traveset, A. 2005. Early emergence enhances plant fitness: A phylogenetically controlled meta analysis. Ecology, 86: 1385-1394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/04-1647

Waldhoff, D. & Maia, L.d.A. 2000. Production and chemical composition of fruit from trees in floodplain forests of central Amazonia and their importance for fish production, p. 393-415. In: W.J. Junk, J.J. Ohly, M.T.F. Piedade, and M.G.M. Soares, (eds.). The Central Amazon Floodplain: Actual Use and Options for a Sustainable Management. Backhuys Publishers. 584p.

Waldhoff, D.; Saint-Paul, U. & Furch, B. 1996. Value of fruits and seeds from the floodplain forests of central Amazonia as food resource for fish. Ecotropica, 2: 143-156.

Winemiller, K.; McIntyre, P.; Castello, L.; Fluet-Chouinard, E.; Giarrizzo, T.; Nam, S.; Baird, I.; Darwall, W.; Lujan, N. & Harrison, I. 2016. Balancing hydropower and biodiversity in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong. Science, 351: 128-129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac7082

Wittmann, F. & Wittmann, A.O. 2010. Use of Amazonian flooplain trees, p. 390-418. In: W.J. Junk, M.T.F. Piedade, F. Wittmann, J. Shongart, and P. Parolin, (eds.). Amazonian floodplain forests: Ecophysiology, biodiversity and sustainable management. Springer Netherlands. 618p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8725-6_19