Prevalencia y Tipo de Plástico en Albatros y Petreles (Aves: Procellariiformes): Recorte Espacial de la Costa Sureste y Sur de Brasil de 2015 hasta 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v12i1.1855Palabras clave:
Residuos sólidos , aves marinas, Atlántico SurResumen
La Orden Procellariiformes reúne una gran cantidad de especies en peligro de extinción y su diversidad en Brasil implica responsabilidades de conservación. Amenazas como la ingestión de plásticos afectan negativamente a los albatros y petreles a nivel mundial. Así, realizamos la cuantificación y clasificación de residuos poliméricos en Procellariiformes encontrados en las playas de Florianópolis y capturados incidentalmente en la pesca industrial en el sur de Brasil. Con el fin de identificar la ubicación de los elementos ingeridos, se analizaron tractos digestivos de 44 especímenes de nueve especies, y estos tractos se separaron en esófago, proventrículo y ventrículo. Los residuos > 5 mm se midieron y clasificaron en “fragmentos de plástico”, pellets, nailon y otros. Se encontró macroplástico en 13 individuos de seis especies: familias Diomedeidae y Procellariidae. Procellaria aequinoctialis presentó mayores frecuencias de macroplástico (80%) de los especímenes analizados. Los “fragmentos de plástico” fueron los tipos de debris más frecuentes. El ventrículo fue la porción del tracto digestivo con la mayor cantidad de macroplástico. Este estudio corrobora la hipótesis de que los Procellariiformes están consumiendo plásticos en el Atlántico Sur. La cuantificación, seguimiento y estandarización de los análisis son importantes para sustentar y orientar las medidas de gestión e implementación de la política nacional de residuos sólidos, mirando a la conservación de los ambientes marinos y la fauna asociada.
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