Estructura Poblacional de las Especies del Género Cichla (Osteichthyes: Cichliformes) Introducidas en Diferentes Regiones de Brasil – una Revisión Bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v12i2.2192Palabras clave:
Longitud, peso, proporción de sexos, embalses, tucunaréResumen
Los sistemas neotropicales de agua dulce son importantes refugios para la biodiversidad piscícola mundial. Los tucunarés (Cichla spp) son peces endémicos de esta región biogeográfica, presentes de forma natural en Brasil y otros países sudamericanos como Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Perú, Guayana Francesa, Guyana y Surinam. El interés económico para el mercado de peces ornamentales, la pesca deportiva, la acuicultura y, sobre todo, la cría en embalses, culminó con la amplia introducción del tucunarés en otras cuencas hidrográficas de Brasil y del mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la estructura poblacional de diferentes especies del género Cichla introducidas en ecosistemas no autóctonos de Brasil. La estructura de la población se caracterizó por la proporción de sexos, la longitud y el peso de los individuos. También se comentaron factores como las características reproductivas y de alimentación que contribuyen al establecimiento de las poblaciones, así como los posibles impactos de la introducción del tucunaré en la ictiofauna nativa. A pesar de la dificultad de comparar directamente los datos obtenidos en cada artículo, las poblaciones de tucunaré demostraron estar bien establecidas en los embalses, tanto en su área de ocurrencia natural como en las regiones semiáridas del nordeste y sudeste y centro-oeste de Brasil. La mayoría de los estudios identificados en nuestra búsqueda se realizaron en embalses, lo que refuerza la importancia de la investigación sobre el tucunaré en estos entornos. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios centrados en la evaluación de la estructura de las poblaciones de tucunaré per se. Teniendo en cuenta que estas especies tienen un alto potencial para causar impactos negativos en la biodiversidad nativa, es importante el seguimiento continuo de la población para identificar y mitigar los posibles impactos.
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