Trinta anos de conferências internacionais sobre incêndios florestais
revisão e conquistas de uma viagem circunglobal de Boston para Campo Grande
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v11i2.1743Palavras-chave:
Políticas de manejo do fogo na paisagem, manejo do fogo na paisagem, cooperação internacionalResumo
Em 1989 foram iniciadas as Conferências Internacionais sobre Incêndios Florestais (IWFC) com o objetivo de estabelecer um fórum para compartilhar conhecimento e experiência em ciência, manejo, capacitação e desenvolvimento de políticas sobre fogo. Três décadas se passaram entre a primeira Conferência Internacional sobre Incêndios Florestais em Boston, Estados Unidos, em 1989, e a sétima Conferência Internacional sobre Incêndios Florestais em Campo Grande, no Brasil, em 2019. Durante essas três décadas, os regimes de fogo no mundo - definido sensu lato como os regimes ecológico, de manejo e político - evoluíram sob a influência do crescimento populacional mundial, do desenvolvimento socioeconômico e das mudanças climáticas. Um período no qual os sistemas terrestres passaram pelas mais rápidas alterações da história e da pré-história. Este artigo avalia exemplos de atores envolvidos com as conferências e que acompanharam as recomendações estabelecidas nas IWFC, com ênfase para as atividades desenvolvidas entre os eventos. Ao longo dessa jornada ao redor do globo entre Boston e Campo Grande, as redes regionais e a rede global fomentaram a cultura de cooperação internacional em manejo do fogo no âmbito da interface ciênciapolíticas-práticas, Science-Policy-Practitioners Interface (SPPI). Observações recentes mostram que as mudanças climáticas e socioeconômicas vêm alterando os regimes de fogo em nível global. Essa tendência está associada a um aumento na vulnerabilidade social e ambiental aos incêndios, assim como a uma excessiva utilização do fogo no uso da terra e em atividades de mudança do uso da terra. Nesse sentido, é oportuno revisitar as tentativas de desenvolver um acordo global sobre o manejo do fogo na paisagem.
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