Identificação de áreas críticas para tartarugas marinhas e sua relação com unidades de conservação no Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v12i4.2038Palavras-chave:
Tartarugas Marinhas, Telemetria por satélite, Unidades de Conservação MarinhasResumo
As tartarugas marinhas são animais migratórios e o conhecimento de seus movimentos é vital para a definição de estratégias de manejo. Áreas principais de uso de quatro das cinco espécies que ocorrem no litoral brasileiro, a saber: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Eretmochelys imbricata e Dermochelys coriacea, foram identificadas através da telemetria por satélite (n = 160 transmissores) e analisadas por meio do método State-Space Model. As áreas principais de uso identificadas corresponderam a 3% da distribuição total e localizaram-se, majoritariamente, na costa do Pará, Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte; ao longo da margem leste da plataforma continental do Nordeste, até Salvador, Bahia; no sul da Bahia e Espírito Santo; na plataforma de São Paulo e no estuário do Rio de la Plata, entre o Uruguai e Argentina. Os movimentos das tartarugas intersectaram 89,6% das unidades de conservação marinhas consideradas (52 das 58 UCs), porém, apenas 21,5% das áreas principais de uso sobrepuseram unidades de conservação (UCs = 15). Dentre estas, se destacam: APA Plataforma Continental do Litoral Norte, APA Costa dos Corais, APA dos Recifes de Corais e a APA Ponta da Baleia - Abrolhos, dada presença de áreas principais, utilizadas por duas ou três espécies. Os resultados evidenciam a importância das unidades de conservação, assim como apontam a necessidade de essas áreas adotarem medidas para a redução de ameaças, em especial a captura incidental por pescarias. Os resultados mostram também potencial para contribuir com análises de impactos ambientais de empreendimentos marinhos, dentro ou fora dos limites de unidades de conservação.Â
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