Identificación de Áreas Críticas para las Tortugas Marinas y su Relación con las Unidades de Conservación en Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v12i4.2038Palabras clave:
Tortugas marinas, telemetría satelitalResumen
Las tortugas marinas son animales migratorios y el conocimiento de sus movimientos es vital para definir estrategias de manejo. Las principales áreas de uso de cuatro de las cinco especies que ocurren en la costa brasileña, a saber: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Eretmochelys imbricata y Dermochelys coriacea, fueron identificadas por telemetría satelital (n = 160 transmisores) y analizadas mediante el método State Space Model. Las principales áreas de uso correspondieron al 3% de la distribución total identificada y se ubicaron, en su mayor parte, en la costa de los estados: Pará, Ceará y Rio Grande do Norte; a lo largo del margen oriental de la plataforma continental noreste hasta Salvador, Bahía; en el sur de Bahía y Espírito Santo; en la plataforma de São Paulo y en el estuario del Río de la Plata, entre Uruguay y Argentina. Los movimientos cruzaron el 89,6% de las unidades marinas de conservación consideradas (52 de las 58 UC), sin embargo, solo el 21,5% de las áreas de uso principal se superpusieron a las unidades de conservación (UC = 15). Entre estos, se destacan: APA Plataforma Continental de la Costa Norte, APA Costa dos Corais, APA de Arrecifes de Coral y APA Ponta da Baleia -Abrolhos, dada la presencia de áreas principales, utilizadas por dos o tres especies. Los resultados muestran la importancia de las unidades de conservación, así como señalan la necesidad de que estas áreas adopten medidas para reducir las amenazas, especialmente las capturas incidentales por parte de las pesquerías. Los resultados también muestran potencial para contribuir a los análisis de impactos ambientales de proyectos marinos, dentro o fuera de los límites de las unidades de conservación.Â
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