Caçar ou não caçar, eis a questão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v8i2.745Palavras-chave:
Caça , extrativismo , diversidade genética, sociologia, manejo;, crueldadeResumo
Poucos temas despertam tanto conflito de opiniões na arena ambiental quanto a caça. Existem inúmeras formas de caça em um gradiente difuso de interesses, métodos, efeitos sociais e ambientais, graus de formalização e graus de aceitação social. O debate moderno sobre a caça, inclusive no Brasil, concentra-se em questões morais, porém questões ambientais e sociais também são relevantes. Uma reflexão sobre a caça passa pela superação das formas ambíguas como a biodiversidade e os animais são representados nas sociedades modernas. Tratando-se de um tema recentemente incorporado ao domínio ético é um campo ainda em construção sobre o qual não existe uma moral consolidada. Neste artigo argumento que (1) existe uma grande diversidade de matizes de relacionamento entre humanos e animais e de motivações para estes relacionamentos em sociedades modernas, de tal forma que o conceito de caça precisa sempre fazer referência a um contexto explícito; (2) os argumentos e juízos a favor ou contra determinados tipos de caça incluem contradições e conflitos com aqueles usados em outras questões ambientais; (3) o tratamento superficial do tema e a falta de consenso resultam frequentemente em posicionamentos e decisões inadequadamente embasados; (4) a construção social moderna dominante é condicionada pelo modo de vida urbano, que se caracteriza pelo afastamento ou até alienação dos contatos de primeira mão com ambientes e espécies silvestres e enfatiza a noção de crueldade; (5) que todas as formas de caça apresentam desafios e oportunidades de satisfação de interesses sociais e de contribuição ou ameaça para a conservação da biodiversidade, de tal forma não é possível julgar a priori qualquer tipo de caça como em si mesma conservacionista ou degradadora.
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