Use of prescribed fire in land management, nature conservation and forestry in temperate-boreal Eurasia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v6i2.579Keywords:
biodiversity conservation, cultural pratices, fire management, laud managementAbstract
- Em vastas áreas da Eurásia temperada-boreal, o uso do fogo, com as tradicionais práticas de
corte e queima e outras perturbações associadas ao cultivo da terra, contribuiu para moldar as paisagens
com alta diversidade e valor ecológico e cultural, como as heathlands, campos abertos e prados. Em relação
à biota euro-siberiana oriental, a incidência de fogo por causas naturais contribuiu para moldar florestas
abertas e resilientes, como a floresta de taiga (light taiga). As rápidas mudanças socioeconômicas nas últimas
quatro décadas e as tendências recentes de crescente êxodo rural por toda a Eurásia, no entanto, resultaram
em um abandono das práticas tradicionais de manejo da terra. Com a eliminação destas perturbações
geradas pelo cultivo, incluindo as práticas tradicionais de queima, extensas áreas da Europa estão se tornando
áreas de pousio, um processo associado com sucessão ecológica que leva à cobertura arbustiva ou florestal e
uma perda generalizada de habitats abertos. Junto à perda de valiosa biodiversidade, as terras abandonadas
constituem um aumento no risco de incêndios florestais - tendência que é revelada pelo crescente número
de incêndios catastróficos, extremamente severos. De modo similar, a exclusão do fogo em ecossistemas
naturais tais como as florestas de coníferas ao norte da região boreal e na região sub-boreal na Eurásia
resultou na mudança da composição da vegetação a aumento do risco de incêndios, notavelmente na região
centro-oriental da Eurásia. Mudanças em paradigmas nas áreas de ecologia e conservação da natureza
atualmente têm levado à reconsideração das políticas de exclusão do fogo em certos setores responsáveis
pelo manejo da paisagem e da terra, conservação da natureza e manejo florestal. Este artigo é uma versão
atualizada de "White Paper on Use of Prescribed Fire in Land Management, Nature Conservation and
Forestry in Temperate-Boreal Eurasia" (Goldammer 2009)
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