Identificação de Áreas Críticas para Tartarugas Marinhas e sua Relação com Unidades de Conservação no Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v12i4.2038Palavras-chave:
Tartarugas Marinhas, Telemetria por satélite, Unidades de Conservação MarinhasResumo
As tartarugas marinhas são animais migratórios e o conhecimento de seus movimentos é vital para a definição de estratégias de manejo. Áreas principais de uso de quatro das cinco espécies que ocorrem no litoral brasileiro, a saber: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Eretmochelys imbricata e Dermochelys coriacea, foram identificadas através da telemetria por satélite (n = 160 transmissores) e analisadas por meio do método State-Space Model. As áreas principais de uso identificadas corresponderam a 3% da distribuição total e localizaram-se, majoritariamente, na costa do Pará, Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte; ao longo da margem leste da plataforma continental do Nordeste, até Salvador, Bahia; no sul da Bahia e Espírito Santo; na plataforma de São Paulo e no estuário do Rio de la Plata, entre o Uruguai e Argentina. Os movimentos das tartarugas intersectaram 89,6% das unidades de conservação marinhas consideradas (52 das 58 UCs), porém, apenas 21,5% das áreas principais de uso sobrepuseram unidades de conservação (UCs = 15). Dentre estas, se destacam: APA Plataforma Continental do Litoral Norte, APA Costa dos Corais, APA dos Recifes de Corais e a APA Ponta da Baleia – Abrolhos, dada presença de áreas principais, utilizadas por duas ou três espécies. Os resultados evidenciam a importância das unidades de conservação, assim como apontam a necessidade de essas áreas adotarem medidas para a redução de ameaças, em especial a captura incidental por pescarias. Os resultados mostram também potencial para contribuir com análises de impactos ambientais de empreendimentos marinhos, dentro ou fora dos limites de unidades de conservação.
Referências
Almeida A, et al. Satellite-tracked movements of female Dermochelys coriacea from southeastern Brazil. Endangered Species Research, 15 (1): 77-86, 2011.
Barceló C, et al. High-use areas, seasonal movements and dive patterns of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 479: 235-250, 2013.
Baudouin M, et al. Identification of key marine areas for conservation based on satellite tracking of post-nesting migrating green turtles (Chelonia mydas). Biological Conservation, 184: 36-41, 2015.
Bellini C, Sanches TM, Formia A. Hawksbill turtle tagged in Brazil captured in Gabon, Africa. Marine Turtle Newsletter 87:11-12, 2000.
Bellini C, Santos EAP, Camargo FS, Santos AJB. 2016. O SNUC é um instrumento eficaz para proteção das tartarugas marinhas no Brasil? Um ensaio sobre as tartarugas-de-pente, Eretmochelys imbricata, que nidificam no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte. In: Anais do VIII Seminário de Pesquisa e Iniciação Científica do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. 117p.
Block BA, et al. Tracking apex marine predator movements in a dynamic ocean. Nature, 475(7354): 86-90, 2011.
Brasil. Lei n0 9.985, de 18 de julho de 2000. Regulamenta o art. 225, § 1o, incisos I, II, III e VII da Constituição Federal, institui o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União: seção I, Brasília, DF, n. 138, p. 1-6, 19/07/2000.
Broderick A, COYNE M, FULLER W, GLEN F, GODLEY B. Fidelity and over-wintering of sea turtles. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1617): 1533-1539, 2007.
Cantor M, et al. High incidence of sea turtle stranding in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77(5): p. 1864-1878, 2020.
Carman VG, Acha EM, Maxwell SM, Albareda D, Campagna C, Mianzan H. Revisiting the ontogenetic shift paradigm: The case of juvenile green turtles in the SW Atlantic. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 429: 64-72, 2012.
Casale P, et al. A first estimate of sea turtle bycatch in the industrial trawling fishery of Gabon. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(10): 2421-2433, 2017.
CLS/Argos. 2016. Argos user’s manual. France: CLS/Argos. 60p.
Colman LP. 2019. Ecology and conservation of the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting in Brazil. PhD thesis. University of Exeter, United Kingdom, 205p.
Colman LP, et al. Thirty years of leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea nesting in Espírito Santo, Brazil, 1988–2017: reproductive biology and conservation. Endangered Species Research 39: 147–158, 2019.
Cuevas E, Abreu-Grobois F, Guzmán-Hernández V, Liceaga-Correa M, Dam R. Post-nesting migratory movements of hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata in waters adjacent to the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Endangered Species Research, 10: 123-133, 2008.
Da Silva, A, De Castilhos, J, Dos Santos E, Brondízio, L, Bugoni L. Efforts to reduce sea turtle bycatch in the shrimp fishery in Northeastern Brazil through a co-management process. Ocean & Coastal Management, 53(9): 570-576, 2010.
Dawson T, et al. Informing Marine Protected Area Designation and Management for Nesting Olive Ridley Sea Turtles Using Satellite Tracking. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4: 312, 2017.
Eckert S. High-use oceanic areas for Atlantic leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) as identified using satellite telemetered location and dive information. Marine Biology, 149(5): 1257-1267, 2006.
ESRI. 2019. ArcGIS version 10.7.
Ferreira L, et al. Multiple satellite tracking datasets inform green turtle conservation at a regional scale. Diversity and Distributions, 27(2) 249-266, 2021.
Flemming JM, Jonsen ID, Myers RA, Field CA. Hierarchical State-Space Estimation of Leatherback Turtle Navigation Ability. PLoS ONE, 5(12) e14245, 2010.
Fossette S, et al. Atlantic Leatherback Migratory Paths and Temporary Residence Areas. PLoS ONE 5(11): e13908. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013908, 2010.
Fossette S, et al. Pan-Atlantic analysis of the overlap of a highly migratory species, the leatherback turtle, with pelagic longline fisheries. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281(1780): 20133065, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3065 .
Fuentes M, Wildermann N, Gandra T, Domit C. Cumulative threats to juvenile green turtles in the coastal waters of southern and southeastern Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation, 29(6): 1783-1803, 2020.
Gandra TBR, et al. Análise de imagens de temperatura superficial do mar (TSM) para detecção de frentes oceânicas e correlação com movimentos de tartarugas-cabeçuda (Caretta caretta) no sul do Brasil. Anais XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto - SBSR, João Pessoa-PB, Brasil, 25 a 29 de abril de 2015, INPE.
Godley B, et al. Satellite tracking of sea turtles: Where have we been and where do we go next? Endangered Species Research, 4: 3-22, 2008.
Godley B, et al. Movement patterns of green turtles in Brazilian coastal waters described by satellite tracking and flipper tagging. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 253: 279-288, 2003.
Grossman A, et al. Second TAMAR- tagged hawksbill recaptured in Corisco Bay, West Africa. Marine Turtle Newsletter, 1: 16:26, 2007.
Halpern, B. et al. A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems. Science, 319(5865): 948-952, 2008.
Halpern, B. et al. An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean. Nature, 488(7413): 615-620, 2012.
Hays G, et al. Biphasal long-distance migration in green turtles. Animal Behaviour, 64(6): 895-898, 2002.
Hays G, et al. Translating Marine Animal Tracking Data into Conservation Policy and Management. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 34(5): 459-473, 2019.
Hays G, Broderick A, Glen F, Godley B, Nichols W. The movements and submergence behaviour of male green turtles at Ascension Island. Marine Biology, 139(2): 395-400, 2001.
Hays G, Hawkes L. Satellite Tracking Sea Turtles: Opportunities and Challenges to Address Key Questions. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5: 432, 2018.
Hays G, Laloë J, Rattray A, Esteban N. Why do Argos satellite tags stop relaying data? Ecology and Evolution, 11(11): 7093-7101, 2021.
Hays G, Rattray A & Esteban N. Addressing tagging location bias to assess space use by marine animals. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(10): 1981-1987, 2020.
Hays G, Scott R. Global patterns for upper ceilings on migration distance in sea turtles and comparisons with fish, birds and mammals. Functional Ecology, 27(3): 748-756, 2013.
Hitipeuw C, Dutton P, Benson S, Thebu J, Bakarbessy J. Population Status and Internesting Movement of Leatherback Turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, Nesting on the Northwest Coast of Papua, Indonesia. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 6(1): 28-36, 2007.
Jeffers V, Godley B. Satellite tracking in sea turtles: How do we find our way to the conservation dividends? Biological Conservation, 199: 172-184, 2016.
Jonsen I. Joint estimation over multiple individuals improves behavioural state inference from animal movement data. Scientific Reports, 6(1): 20625, 2016. DOI: 10.1038/srep20625 .
Jonsen I, Bestley S, Wotherspoon S, Sumner M, Mills-Flemming J. bsam: Bayesian State-Space Models for Animal Movement (2017) https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/bsam/index.html.
Jonsen I, Myers R, James M. Robust hierarchical state–space models reveal diel variation in travel rates of migrating leatherback turtles. Journal of Animal Ecology, 75: 1046-1057, 2006.
Limpus CJ. A biological review of Australian marine turtle species Green turtle, Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus). Queensland Environ Protect Agency, 2:10–96, 2009.
López-Mendilaharsu M, Rocha C, Miller P, Domingo A, Prosdocimi L, Insights on leatherback turtle movements and high use areas in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 378(1-2): 31-39, 2009.
Magris RA, et al. A blueprint for securing Brazil’s marine biodiversity and supporting the achievement of global conservation goals. Diversity and Distributions, 00: 1-18, 2020.
Magris RA, Mills M, Fuentes M, Pressey R. Analysis of Progress Towards a Comprehensive System of Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. Natureza & Conservação, 11(1): 81-87, 2013.
Marcovaldi MA, Filippini A. Trans-Atlantic movement by a juvenile hawksbill turtle. Marine Turtle Newsletter, 52: 3, 1991.
Marcovaldi MA, Lopez GG, Soares LS, Santos AJB, Bellini C, Barata PCR. Fifteen Years of Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) Nesting in Northern Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 6(2): 223-228, 2007.
Marcovaldi MA, Lopez GG, Soares LS, Lima EHSM, Thomé JCA, Almeida AP. Satellite-tracking of female loggerhead turtles highlights fidelity behavior in northeastern Brazil. Endangered Species Research, 12(3): 263-272, 2010.
Marcovaldi M, Lopez G, Soares L, López-Mendilaharsu M. Satellite tracking of hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata nesting in northern Bahia, Brazil: turtle movements and foraging destinations. Endangered Species Research, 17(2): 123-132, 2012.
Marcovaldi M, Chaloupka M. Conservation status of the loggerhead sea turtle in Brazil: an encouraging outlook. Endangered Species Research, 3: 133-143, 2007.
Maxwell S, et al. Using Satellite Tracking to Optimize Protection of Long-Lived Marine Species: Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Conservation in Central Africa. PLoS ONE, 6(5): e19905, 2011.
Méndez D, Cuevas E, Navarro J, González-Garza BI, Guzmán-Hernández V. Rastreo satelital de las hembras de tortuga blanca Chelonia mydas y evaluación de sus ámbitos hogareños en la costa norte de la península de Yucatán, México. Revista de biología marina y oceanografía, 48(3): 497-509, 2013.
Monteiro D, et al. Long-term spatial and temporal patterns of sea turtle strandings in southern Brazil. Marine Biology, 163(247), 2016. DOI 10.1007/s00227-016-3018-4 .
Pikesley S, et al. On the front line: integrated habitat mapping for olive ridley sea turtles in the southeast Atlantic. Diversity and Distributions, 19(12): 1518-1530, 2013.
Pilcher N, et al. Movements of green turtles from foraging areas of the United Arab Emirates: regional habitat connectivity and use of marine protected areas. Marine Biology, 168(10), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03815-6
Plotkin P. Nomadic behaviour of the highly migratory olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Endangered Species Research, 13(1): 33-40, 2010.
R Core Team. (2018). R software: Version 3.5.1. R Found. Stat. Comput.
Ram P, Rao S, Sadhuram Y. Drifting and Meandering of Olive Ridley Sea Turtles in the Bay of Bengal: Role of Oceanic Rossby Waves. Marine Geodesy, 32(4): 372-378, 2009.
Sales G, Giffoni B, Barata P. Incidental catch of sea turtles by the Brazilian pelagic longline fishery. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88(4): 853-864, 2008.
Santos, A. et al. Effectiveness and design of marine protected areas for migratory species of conservation concern: A case study of post-nesting hawksbill turtles in Brazil. Biological Conservation, 261: 109229, 2021.
Santos A.J.B. et al. Long-Range Movements and Growth Rates of Brazilian Hawksbill Turtles: Insights from a Flipper-Tagging Program. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 18(1), p. 75-81, 2019b. https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1343.1
Santos E, et al. Olive ridley inter-nesting and post-nesting movements along the Brazilian coast and Atlantic Ocean. Endangered Species Research, 40: 149-162, 2019.
Schofield G, Hobson VJ, Fossette S, Lilley MKS, Katselidis KA, Hays GC. BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH: Fidelity to foraging sites, consistency of migration routes and habitat modulation of home range by sea turtles. Diversity and Distributions, 16(5): 840-853, 2010.
Scott, R et al. Global analysis of satellite tracking data shows that adult green turtles are significantly aggregated in Marine Protected Areas. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21: 1053-1061, 2012.
Sforza R, Marcondes ACJ, Pizetta GT. Guia de Licenciamento Tartarugas Marinhas - Diretrizes para Avaliação e Mitigação de Impactos de Empreendimentos Costeiros e Marinhos. Brasília: ICMBio, 2017. 130p.
Shimada T, et al. Optimising sample sizes for animal distribution analysis using tracking data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 12(2): 288-297, 2021.
Silva A, Castilhos J, Lopez G, Barata P. Nesting biology and conservation of the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Brazil, 1991/1992 to 2002/2003. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87(4): 1047-1056, 2007.
Silva A, et al. Satellite-tracking reveals multiple foraging strategies and threats for olive ridley turtles in Brazil. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 443: 237-247, 2011.
Swimmer Y, Mcnaughton L, Foley D, Moxey L, Nielsen A. Movements of olive ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys olivacea and associated oceanographic features as determined by improved light-based geolocation. Endangered Species Research, 10: 245-254, 2009.
Wallace B, et al. Global Conservation Priorities for Marine Turtles. PLoS ONE, 6(9): e24510, 2011.
Wang J, Fisler S, Swimmer Y. Developing visual deterrents to reduce sea turtle bycatch in gill net fisheries. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 408: 241-250, 2010.
Witt M, et al. Tracking leatherback turtles from the world’s largest rookery: assessing threats across the South Atlantic. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1716): 2338-2347, 2011.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Os artigos estão licenciados sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O acesso é livre e gratuito para download e leitura, ou seja, é permitido copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer mídia ou formato.
v3-3-0-3-2-1-8-release.27