El Papel del Capital Social en el Fomento de la Acción Colectiva para Cogestión de la Pesca Artesanal en la Reserva Extractiva del Baixo Juruá, Amazonía Centro-occidental Brasileña
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v12i5.1900Palabras clave:
Manejo de Arapaima , reservas extractivas, Amazonia brasileñaResumen
El capital social es señalado como un factor clave para la organización social comunitaria y la gestión colectiva de los recursos naturales. En este estudio, investigué el papel del capital social comunitario para facilitar la acción colectiva para el manejo de arapaima (Arapaima sp.) y las motivaciones subyacentes para participar en la acción colectiva, en los seis sistemas de manejo de arapaima de la Reserva Extractiva Baixo Juruá (Amazonas). A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con el 62% de los 95 hogares de las comunidades que participan en el manejo, comparé la participación de los hogares en el manejo de arapaima en relación con las características demográficas y socioeconómicas, el compromiso social y político y el capital social. En cuatro de los seis sistemas de gestión, entre el 70% y el 86% de los hogares participaban en la gestión, en comparación con solo el 31% y el 33% en los demás sistemas. La participación en la acción colectiva para el manejo de arapaima varió de manera similar con el capital social en la comunidad. Tanto el capital social vinculante como el puente entran en juego para fomentar la acción colectiva. Aunque las relaciones humanas son componentes importantes en la acción colectiva de la comunidad, las personas también revelan motivaciones utilitarias para el compromiso. Por lo tanto, cuando se proporcionan incentivos, pueden encontrar relevante participar en la gestión de recursos. Este estudio destaca el papel del capital social en la gestión de los recursos naturales y puede servir tanto a las comunidades como a los responsables de la toma de decisiones.
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