Incendio Compromete Recuperación de Bosque Manejado en Bosque Nacional Tapajós, Amazonía Oriental, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biobrasil.v12i2.1972Palabras clave:
Incendio forestal, composición florística, reclutamiento de árboles, Gestión de bosques, exploración de bajo impactoResumen
Los bosques sometidos a tala selectiva de madera son más propensos a incendios, cambios en la composición de especies y pérdidas de biodiversidad. En este estudio, se evaluaron los cambios en la estructura horizontal y la composición de especies de un bosque manejado en el Bosque Nacional Tapajós, Amazonía Oriental, Brasil, durante 31 años (1981 a 2012). Las perturbaciones incluyeron tala (1982), raleo de especies no comerciales (1993/1994) y incendio (1997). Los datos se obtuvieron en 36 parcelas permanentes de 0,25ha, con 12 parcelas para cada uno de los tres tratamientos: tala selectiva + aclareo ligero de especies no comerciales, tala selectiva + aclareo intenso de especies no comerciales y área de control, agregándose a la tratamientos la ocurrencia o no de un incendio forestal. PERMANOVA, considerando la relación entre los ejes NMDS y la variable tratamiento (explotación/control + ocurrencia de fuego/no fuego), indicó diferencia en la composición de especies, entre los tratamientos antes del incendio (1995) y 15 años después del incendio (2012). En ninguno de los tratamientos hubo pérdida de diversidad, pero los resultados mostraron que los bosques explotados con antecedentes de fuerte raleo presentaron mayores pérdidas en área basal y cambios en la composición de especies, con un aumento en la densidad de individuos de especies pioneras, especialmente entre los árboles más pequenos.
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