Identificación y Clasificación de Patógenos con Riesgo Potencial de Impacto para Poblaciones de Cetáceos Marinos, como Criterio para la Implementación de Acciones de Conservación
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v13i4.2271Palabras clave:
Agente infeccioso, causa de la muerte, diagnóstico, epidemiaResumen
Los planes nacionales de acción para especies amenazadas de Brasil han sido una importante herramienta de gestión para la conservación. La planificación de acciones dirigidas a los cetáceos comenzó en 1997, sin embargo, a pesar de que los temas relacionados con la salud de los cetáceos ya señalaban una preocupación desde un inicio, recién en el ciclo actual (2019-2024) se incluyeron acciones específicas para la identificación de patógenos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio de patógenos con impacto potencial en los cetáceos marinos en Brasil, incluidos los ya reportados en el país y aquellos que pueden ser identificados. La encuesta laboral se realizó en múltiples plataformas y sin restricción de periodos, sin embargo no fue una búsqueda basada en un enfoque sistemático. Se identificaron virus, bacterias, hongos y parásitos con impacto potencial, que podrían afectar la longevidad, la reproducción o provocar la mortalidad de la especie, además de algunos con potencial zoonótico. El estudio esclarece la diversidad de patógenos que pueden afectar a los cetáceos, además de servir de base para monitorear los parámetros de salud de la fauna marina ante las preocupaciones sobre escenarios futuros relacionados con enfermedades emergentes. Con esto, se concluye que para la conservación de los cetáceos en Brasil es importante realizar el estudio de revisión, como línea base para la identificación de patógenos que puedan afectar las poblaciones de cetáceos en el país. Además, fomentar la implementación de diagnósticos de enfermedades en especímenes accedidos por instituciones de investigación, reportando siempre información que oriente el manejo y conservación de estos mamíferos.
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