Exposición Crónica al Insecticida Piretroide Deltametrina: Implicaciones Hepáticas y Energéticas en Murciélago Frugívoro Artibeus lituratus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v13i2.2370Palabras clave:
Estrés oxidativo, Metabolismo energético, GlucosaResumen
Los insecticidas piretroides se han incorporado al mercado como una alternativa menos tóxica para los animales no objetivo. Sin embargo, se sabe que la deltametrina, un insecticida de esta clase, causa toxicidad por exposición aguda y crónica en diferentes animales. Los murciélagos son animales no objetivo que están constantemente expuestos a pesticidas mientras se alimentan y esto puede afectar su supervivencia. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la exposición crónica a deltametrina sobre el estado redox y el metabolismo energético de murciélagos frugívoros de la especie Artibeus lituratus. Para ello, se recolectaron los murciélagos (n=12) y se separaron en: grupo control (Control; n=6), alimentados con frutos sin tratar; Grupo de deltametrina (DM; n = 6),
alimentado con frutos tratados con deltametrina a una concentración de 1,00 mL/L más aplicador adhesivo (0,015 g/L). Después de un período de exposición crónica (35 días), se analizó el estado redox del hígado y el riñón, los cambios histológicos en el hígado, la concentración de glucosa y las reservas de energía. La exposición a dosis comerciales de deltametrina indujo estrés oxidativo y cambios morfológicos en el hígado, además de causar hipoglucemia y reducir las reservas de energía
en murciélagos. Teniendo en cuenta que los murciélagos están naturalmente expuestos a pesticidas durante la búsqueda de alimento, el impacto de esta exposición puede alterar las reservas de energía e inducir cambios en el funcionamiento normal del hígado, perjudicando la supervivencia de estos animales y, en consecuencia, los servicios ecosistémicos que brindan.
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