Tesoros sumergidos: diversidad de peces de arrecife en la Reserva Extractiva Marina Lagoa do Jequiá, costa sur de Alagoas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v16i2.2841Palabras clave:
Atlántico Sudoccidental , conservación tropical , ictiofauna marina, inventario de espéciesResumen
En la costa sur del estado de Alagoas, extensas áreas arrecifales aún desconocidas por la ciencia presentan importancia económica para la pesca, además de ser estratégicas para la conservación de la biodiversidad marina brasileña. En este contexto, realizamos un inventario de la ictiofauna arrecifal de la Reserva Extractiva Marina de la Laguna de Jequiá (RESEX Jequiá), una unidad de conservación federal. Los muestreos se llevaron a cabo entre 2021 y 2025, utilizando métodos de buceo científico, como el censo visual submarino y la búsqueda activa. Adicionalmente, los desembarques pesqueros fueron monitoreados de manera oportunista, con el objetivo de ampliar la lista de especies registradas. En total, se identificaron 135 especies de peces arrecifales, de las cuales 126 corresponden a Actinopterygii y 9 a Chondrichthyes (Elasmobranchii). Las familias Labridae (11 spp.) y Carangidae (10 spp.) fueron las más ricas. Las estimaciones de riqueza sugieren un potencial de entre 180 y 294 especies para la RESEX Jequiá, evidenciando que la diversidad local aún está subestimada. De las especies registradas, el 38% (51 spp.) se consideran recursos pesqueros, y el 13% (17 spp.) están clasificadas como amenazadas a nivel nacional de extinción. Entre estas, destacan las especies críticamente en peligro Epinephelus itajara, Scarus trispinosus y Sphyrna mokarran. Ante estos resultados, reforzamos la importancia de la RESEX Jequiá y de sus ambientes arrecifales como áreas prioritarias para la conservación marina. Asimismo, destacamos la urgencia de implementar programas de monitoreo a largo plazo para la generación continua de conocimiento que respalde estrategias eficaces de manejo y conservación.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Márcio J. C. A. Lima Júnior, José A.C.C. Nunes, Ricardo J. Miranda, Flávio S. Ferreira Júnior, Sergio R. Albuquerque, Zach A. Hornfeld, Everson C. Santos, Tiago Albuquerque, Taciana Kramer Pinto, Cláudio L. S. Sampaio
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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