Métodos para avaliação da exposição a poluentes plásticos em procellariiformes: revisão e padronização de protocolos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v11i3.1829Palavras-chave:
Oceano , poluição , resíduos plásticosResumo
A presença de resíduos antropogênicos em águas oceânicas e sua ingestão por aves marinhas tem sido alvo de um crescente número de estudos. Os Procellariiformes são particularmente suscetíveis à ingestão de plástico, uma vez que se alimentam preferencialmente de pequenas presas na superfície da água, onde os plásticos tendem a flutuar e se acumular. Após revisão bibliográfica e aplicação prática de técnicas em campo e laboratório, apresentamos um protocolo padronizado de amostragem para a avaliação da ingestão de plásticos por Procellariiformes que inclui recomendações para opções de tipos e fontes de amostras, além de adaptações à coleta para atender a diversos objetivos de pesquisa. As amostras podem ser coletadas de animais mortos oriundos da captura incidental em atividades de pesca; encalhes de praia; aves mortas nas colônias ou centros de reabilitação; animais vivos em colônias ou centros de reabilitação; ou amostragem não invasiva por meio das fezes, bolos alimentares e ovos não eclodidos. Além disso, sugerimos tipos de análises possíveis, materiais necessários e rotinas de limpeza para evitar a contaminação durante a coleta e processamento. O uso de protocolos padronizados aumenta a consistência, comparabilidade e a reprodutibilidade, permitindo comparações entre estudos em escalas temporais e espaciais diferenciadas.
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