Distribution and demography of White-Faced Tamarins Leontocebus Spp. in Amazonian Ecuador, are they influenced by human activities?

Resumo

Understanding the effects of anthropogenic factors on the distribution and demography of the three species of tamarins, Leontocebus, in Ecuador is key for their long-term conservation. I analyzed field data on the distribution and demography of the three species, obtained from 1989 through 2014, in 23 locations in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Comparing data on group size and density estimates for each species among habitats that differ in their degree of disturbance, I present a preliminary evaluation of the anthropogenic effects on species populations. The surveys confirm that Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi in Ecuador is restricted to the north bank of the Napo River, whereas L. tripartitus and L. lagonotus occur only in forests south of the Napo River. Interviews with people in villages and with personnel of the Ministry of the Environment suggest that the release of captive animals is a frequent practice that may explain confusing records of species sympatry. In L. nigricollis graellsi and L. lagonotus higher densities were found in the less disturbed forests, suggesting that habitat degradation and fragmentation are affecting tamarins' demography. More surveys in new Amazonian sites, genetic studies to assess areas of hybridization and environmental education programs to eliminate wildlife traffic are needed. Supported by CI/Primate Action Fund and USFQ grants.