The Regulation of Hunting as a Conservation Tool of the Amazonian Fauna.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v8i2.772Keywords:
Community-based management, protected areas, participatory monitoring, wildlife harvestingAbstract
Game hunting is widespread entire the whole Amazon. However, an indiscriminate ban on hunting altogether
represents an intractable barrier to design and implement sustainable game management solutions. In this essay, we discuss the importance of regulating game hunting across local tribal and nontribal communities
of the Amazon to ensure the zoning and participatory monitoring of this activity. Community-based game
management can ensure positive outcomes for biodiversity conservation, maintenance of cultural practices and ensure food security of rural communities, in the same way as has been implemented for communitybased management of aquatic resources across Amazonian floodplains.
References
Andrade, P.C.M. 2015. Manejo Comunitário de Quelônios (Família Podocnemididae Podocnemis unifilis, P. sextuberculata, P. expansa) no Médio Rio Amazonas e Juruá. Tese (doutorado). Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
Antunes, A.P.; Fewster, R.M.; Venticinque, E.M.; Peres, C.A.; Levi, T.; Rohe, F. & Shepard, G.H. 2016. Empty forest or empty rivers? A century of commercial hunting in Amazonia. Science Advances, 2, e1600936.
Arantes, C.C; Garcez, D.S.; Castello, L. 2006. Densidades de pirarucu (Arapaima gigas, teleostei, osteoglossidae) em lagos das reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã, Amazonas, Brasil. Uakari, p. 37-43.
Arantes, M.L. & Freitas, C.E.C. 2016. Effects of fisheries zoning and environmental characteristics on population parameters of the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in managed floodplain lakes in the Central Amazon. Fisheries Management and Ecology. 23(2): 133-143.
Benítez-Lópes, A.; Alkemade, R.; Schipper,A.M.; Ingram, D.J.; Verweij, P.A. Eikelboom, J.A.J. & Huijbregts, M.A.J. 2017. The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations, Science, 356: 180-183.
Brasil. Lei nº 9.985, de 18 de julho de 2000. Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza - SNUC.
Brasil. Decreto nº 7.747, de 5 de junho de 2012. Política Nacional de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental de Terras Indígenas - PNGATI.
Campos-Silva, J.V.; da Fonseca Junior, S.F. & Peres, C. 2015. Policy reversals do not bode well for conservation in Brazilian Amazonia. Natureza e Conservação, 13(2):193-195.
Campos-Silva, J.V. & Peres, C.A. 2016. Community-based management induces rapid recovery of a highvalue tropical freshwater fishery. Scientific Reports, 6.
Campos-Silva, J.V.; Peres, C.A.; Antunes, A.P.; Valsecchi, J. & Pezzuti, J. 2017. Community-based population recovery of overexploited Amazonian wildlife. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 15(4): 266-270.
Campos-Silva, J.V.; Hawes, J.; Andrade, P.C.M. & Peres, C. 2018. Unintended multi-species co-benefits of an Amazonian community-based conservation program. Nature Sustainability, 1(11): 650.
Cantarelli, V.H.; Malvasio, A. & Verdade, L.M. 2014. Brazil's Podocnemis expansa conservation program: Retrospective and future directions. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 13(1): 124-128.
Castello, L.; Viana, J.P.; Watkins, G.; Pinedo-Vasquez, M. & Luzadis, V.A. 2009. Lessons from Integrating Fishers of Arapaima in Small-Scale Fisheries management at the Mamiraua Reserve, Amazon. Enviromental Management, 43: 197-209.
Child, B. 2009. Conservation in Transition. In: B. Child, H Suich & A. Spenceley (Eds.): Evolution and innovation in wildlife conservation: parks and game ranches to transfrontier conservation areas. Earthscan, 432p.
Cinner. J.E.; Daw, T.M.; McClanahan T.R.; Muthiga, N.; Abunge, C.; Hamed, S.; Mwaka, B.; Rabearisoa, A.; Wamukota, A.; Fisher, E. & Jiddawi, N. 2012. Transitions toward co-management: The process of marine resource management devolution in three east African countries, Global Environmental Change, 22: 651-658.
Cinner, J.E.; McClanahan, T.R.; MacNeil, M.A.; Grahan, N.A.J.; Daw, T.M.; Mukminin, A.; Feary, D.A.; Rabearisoa, A.L.; Wamukota, A.; Jiddawi, N.; Campbell, S.J.; Baird, A.H.; Januchowski-Hartley, A.; Hamed, S.; Lahari, S. & Morove, T. 2012. Comanagement of coral reef social-ecological systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 109: 5219-5222.
Da Silveira, R. & Thorbjarnarson, J.B. (1999). Conservation implications of commercial hunting of black and spectacled caiman in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Brazil. Biological Conservation, 88(1): 103-109.
Doughty, C.E.; Wolf, A. & Malhi, Y. (2013). The legacy of the Pleistocene megafauna extinctions on nutrient availability in Amazonia. Nature Geoscience, 6(9): 761-764.
El Bizri, H.R.; Morcatty, T.Q.; Lima, J.J.S. & Valsecchi, J. 2015. The thrill of the chase: uncovering illegal sport hunting in Brazil through YouTubeâ„¢ posts. Ecology and Society, 20(3): 30.
El Bizri, H.R.; Araújo, L.W.S.; Araújo, W.S.; Maranhão, L. & Valsecchi, J. 2016. Turning the game around for conservation: using traditional hunting knowledge to improve the capture efficiency of Amazon lowland pacas. Wildlife Biology, 22: 1-6.
Endo, W.; Peres, C.A. & Haugaasen, T. 2016. Flood pulse dynamics affects exploitation of both aquatic and terrestrial prey by Amazonian floodplain settlements. Biological Conservation, 201: 129-136.
Gibson,C.C. & Marks, S.A. 1995. Transforming rural hunters into conservationists: An assessment of community-based wildlife management programs in Africa. World development, 23: 941-957.
Gonçalves, A.C.T. 2013. O manejo participativo de pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã. In: Amaral, E. Biologia, conservação e manejo participativo de pirarucus na Pan-Amazônia. Amaral. Tefé: IDSM, p. 267-277.
Gutiérrez, N.L.; Hilborn, R. & Defeo, O. (2011). Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries. Nature, 470(7334): 386-389.
Headland, T.N. & Bailey R.C. 1991. Introduction: have hunter-gatherers ever lived in Tropical Rain Forest independently of agriculture? Human Ecology, 19(2): 115-122.
Levi, T.; Shepard, G.H.; Ohl-Schacherer, J.; Peres, C.A. & Yu, D.W. 2009. Modelling the long-term sustainability of indigenous hunting in Manu National Park, Peru: Landscape-scale management implications for Amazonia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46: 804-814.
Levi, T.; Shepard, G.H.; Ohl-Schacherer, J.; Wilmers, C.C.; Peres, C.A. & Yu, D.W. 2011. Spatial tools for modeling the sustainability of subsistence hunting in tropical forests. Ecological Applications, 21(5): 1802-1818.
Lynch, A.J.; Cowx, I.G.; Fluet-Chouinard, E.; Glaser, S.M.; Phang, S.C.; Beard, T.D.; Bower, S.D.; Brooks, J.L.; Bunnell, D.B.; Claussen, J.E.; Cooke, S.J.; Kao, Y.C.; Lorenzen, K.; Myers, B.J.E.; Reid, A.J.; Taylor, J.J. & Youn, S. 2017. Inland fisheries - Invisible but integral to the UN Sustainable Development Agenda for ending poverty by 2030. Global Environmental Change, 47: 167-173.
Novaro, A.J.; Redford, K.H. & Bodmer, R.E. 2000. Effect of hunting in source-sink systems in the Neotropics. Conservation Biology, 14: 713-721.
Mattos Vieira, M.A.R.; von Muhlen, E.M. & Shepard, G.H. 2015. Participatory monitoring and management of subsistence hunting in the Piagaçu-Purus reserve, Brazil. Conservation and Society, 13(3): 254.
Milner-Gulland, E.J. & Akçakaya, H.R. 2011. Sustainability indices for exploited populations. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 16: 686-692.
Miorando, P.S.; Rebêlo, G.H.; Pignati, M.T. B. & Pezzuti, J.C. (2013). Effects of community-based management on Amazon river turtles: a case study of Podocnemis sextuberculata in the lower Amazon floodplain, Pará, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 12(1): 143-150.
Ohl-Schacherer, J.U.L.I.A.; Shepard Jr, G.H.; Kaplan, H.; Peres, C.A.; Levi, T. & Yu, D.W. 2007. The sustainability of subsistence hunting by Matsigenka native communities in Manu National Park, Peru. Conservation Biology, 21(5): 1174-1185.
Peres, C.A. 2000. Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate community structure in Amazonian forests. Conservation Biology, 14(1): 240-253.
Peres, C.A. & Zimmerman, B. 2001. Perils in Parks or Parks in Peril? Reconciling conservation in Amazonian reserves with and without use. Conservation Biology, 15(3): 793-797.
Peres, C.A. 2011. Conservation in Sustainable Use Tropical Forest Reserves. Conservation Biology, 25(6): 1124-1129.
Peres, C.A.; Emilio, T.; Schietti, J.; Desmoulière, S.J. & Levi, T. 2016. Dispersal limitation induces longterm biomass collapse in overhunted Amazonian forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(4): 892-897.
Petersen, T.A.; Brum, S.M.; Rossoni, F.; Silveira, G.F.V. & Castello, L. 2016. Recovery of Arapaima sp. populations by community-based management in floodplains of the Purus River, Amazon. Journal of fish biology, 89(1): 241-248.
Pezzuti, J., de Castro, F., McGrath, D., Miorando, P., Barboza, R., Carneiro Romagnoli, F. 2018. Commoning in dynamic environments: community-based management of turtle nesting sites on the lower Amazon floodplain. Ecology and Society, 23(3).
Pimenta, N. 2016. O Retorno das Ariranhas à Paisagem Baniwa. Tese (mestrado), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
Shaffer, C.A., Yukuma, C., Marawanaru, E., Suse, P. (2018). Assessing the sustainability of Waiwai subsistence hunting in Guyana by comparison of static indices and spatially explicit, biodemographic models. Animal Conservation, 21(2): 148-158.
Somanathan, E.; Prabhakar, R. Mehta, B.S. 2009. Decentralization for cost-effective conservation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106: 4143-4147.
Souza, D.S. 2015. Peixe-boi da Amazônia (Trichechus inunguis natterer 1883): mortalidade e uso do habitat na reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável Piagaçu-Purus, Amazônia central, Brasil, Tese (mestrado), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.
Terborgh, J. & Peres, C.A., 2017. Do Community-Managed Forests Work? A Biodiversity Perspective. Land, 6(2), 1-7.
Valsecchi, J., El Bizri, HR. and Figueira, JEC. 2014. Subsistence hunting of Cuniculus paca in the middle of the Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2014, vol. 74, n. 3, p. 560-568.
Veríssimo, J. 1895. A Pesca na Amazônia. Livraria Clássica Alves e Cia. (Monographias Brasileiras III), 206p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os artigos estão licenciados sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O acesso é livre e gratuito para download e leitura, ou seja, é permitido copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer mídia ou formato.