Bird assembly of Gurupi Forest: who is who in the last continuous forest remnant in south-eastern Amazonia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v15i3.2525Palavras-chave:
Belém Center of Endemism , bird communities, bird conservation, forest fragmentationResumo
We sampled bird species occurrence along two trails with 12 points each, over four counts: two in the dry season and two in the rainy season, between June 2010 and December 2013, on the southern edge of the Gurupi Biological Reserve (GBR), Maranhão, in the Belém Endemism Center (BCE), which is the easternmost and one of the most threatened regions of the Amazon. The primary goal was to study the composition of the bird assembly in the area. We recorded 182 species from 41 families, with the total estimated species richness for the continuous terra firme forest patch at 250 species. Total Shannon diversity was 4.253, remaining similar across locations and seasons. Six taxa were considered endemic to the BCE, and fifteen were deemed threatened either in Brazil or globally. The assembly was primarily typical of primary tropical forest, with many species highly sensitive to habitat alterations and indicative of preserved Amazon rainforest, though with a few species indicative of disturbed habitats. Several understory thamnophilid species were among the most frequently recorded, while the Psittacidae was the family with the highest total number of species. Psophia obscura, classified as critically endangered, was observed multiple times during sampling. Some BCE-endemic taxa were also among the most frequently sampled species, indicating a notably idiosyncratic community composition. Our findings reinforce the extreme importance of the GBR as a strategic region for the conservation of both threatened bird species and bird communities in the BCE. We recommend a complete halt to deforestation in Maranhão to preserve bird species and communities.
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