Efficacy of africanized bee control in parrot nesting sites in the Spix’s macaw Wildlife Refuge and Environmental Protection Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v15i1.2576Keywords:
Management, Threatened species, Species reintroductionAbstract
Competition for cavities between Africanized bees (Apis mellifera) and Psittacidae, limits their breeding and might impact the re-establishment of the reintroduced Spix's Macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii). To verify the effectiveness of treatments for bees’ control and increase the availability of cavities, the objectives of this study were determine the density of africanized beehives in the floodplains and evaluate the different treatments used, indicating the best one to be used in conservation units. Initially, 178 cavities occupied by active africanized beehives were identified. Among the tree species occupied, the majority was Tabebuia aurea (81.2%), a plant species of importance for the breeding of Spix's Macaws. 45 trees occupied by A. mellifera were selected for the application of the following treatments: T1, carbon dioxide discharges; T2, permethrin spraying and T3, use of fipronil. The recorded density was relatively high, 36.59 ± 22.42 colonies of africanized bees per km2 of riparian forests. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments, however, T1 was the only one that did not demonstrate efficacy for hive removal in 20.0% of the controlled cavities. During the parrots' breeding season, two cavities (4.4%) were occupied by Illiger´s Macaws (Primolius maracana), a parrot species with the same breeding attributes of the Spix's Macaw. However, no breeding success was recorded. Due to the high prevalence of swarming in the region, the control of Africanized bees associated with the use of bait boxes can be a long-term solution to increase the number of available cavities for parrots breeding.
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