Histórico dos incêndios na vegetação do Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina, entre 1973 e abril de 2010, com base em imagens Landsat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v1i2.141Keywords:
Espinhaço mountain range, GIS, protected area, wildfireAbstract
Wildfires are a serious threat to biodiversity conservation and the integrity of protected areas
(PA). However, the occurrence of fire is part of the natural dynamics of various ecosystems. Among the
Brazilian Federal PA, Chapada Diamantina National Park is the one that registers the largest number of fires. To assess the history of fires in this Park, Landsat satellite images were obtained on the internet, georeferenced and analyzed to identify the burned areas, recognized as dark “scars” in the satellite images.
These scars were delimited and their areas calculated with GIS programs. Data were organized per year. For
the period between 1973 and 1983, Landsat 1, 2 and 3, images with a spatial resolution of 80m, allowed the
identification of 21.00 ± 20.24 polygons of fires per year, which affected 589.58 ± 680.79 ha, on average,
in the Park, and 82.70 ± 89.70 polygons and 2244.86 ± 1272.70 ha in the surrounding area. Between
1984 and April 2010, using Landsat 5 images with a spatial resolution of 30m, the burned area found was
6,413.62 ± 4,025.38 ha in the Park (188.88 ± 194.54 polygons) and 6,125.49 ± 4,496.98 ha (441.40 ±
430.46 polygons) in AC. There is a great variability in the extent of annual fires that affect the Park. The years
with the largest extensions burned were 1993 and 2008. In all, 61% of the area of the national plan was hit
by fire during the period evaluated in this study. Not affected areas are concentrated in more humid regions
and forest formations. The surrounding area had 37.6% of its area affected by fires. The data collected
suggest that climatic factors such as the occurrence of El Niño may favor the occurrence of fires, although
in the period between 2003 and 2008 this pattern had not observed. It is possible that the withdrawal of
18,000 head of cattle from the Park, in 2002, and the relative control of fires in the subsequent years favored
the accumulation of biomass, making it very difficult to control the fires in 2008, when 41% of the park were
affected by fire.
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