Participatory monitoring of subsistence hunting in the extractive Reserve Tapajós Arapiuns/PA: pathways to effective social participation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v8i2.765Keywords:
Extractive reserve, monitoring protocol, social participation, subsistence huntingAbstract
Conservation initiatives that can balance the
direct use of the forest, species conservation and local development are fundamental. Participatory monitoring
stands out as tool for bringing these different goals together. In this paper we describe the process used to build a monitoring protocol for subsistence hunting in the Extractive Reserve (RESEX) Tapajós-Arapiuns, BrazilianAmazon, including its evaluation and return to local people. The protocol was underpinned by the guidelines created for the National Biodiversity Monitoring Programme of ICMBio (Monitora) and involved over 1600 participations. The program was divided into two protocols, (I) evaluation of the game population status and (II) evaluation of the hunting pressure. Two monitoring courses were realized, in which 70 people participated and 34 of those became biodiversity monitors. The protocols were implemented in nine communities in 2015, yet eight carried out data collection for more than one year. In 2016, the first workshops were realized to deliver the data and evaluate the monitoring process. It was verified that, although the monitoring was implemented in eight communities, some community members were facing doubts about the participatory process and not clearly understood the importance of the biodiversity monitoring of subsistence hunting programme. It is clear, therefore, that for the program to be internalized among communities, it needs to become a long-term policy. However, the monitoring of subsistence hunting faces challenges that go beyond
those commonly found in social participation programs. A lack of clear legislation and legal certainty for
those who manage and practice subsistence hunting is a major barrier with the environmental agencies seeking management, a fundamental step, therefore, to put into practice effective management strategies
and conservation initiatives.
References
Agrawal, A. & Gibson, C.C. 1999. Enchantment and disenchantment: The role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development, 27: 629-649.
Benchimol, M.; von Mühlen, E.M. & Venticinque, E.M. 2017. Lessons from a Community-Based Program to Monitor Forest Vertebrates in the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental management, 60(3): 476-483.
Benítez-López, A.; Alkemade, R.; Schipper, A.M.; Ingram, D.J.; Verweij, P.A.; Eikelboom J.A.J. & Huijbregts, M.A.J. 2017. The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations. Science, 356: 180-183.
Berkes, F. 2007. Community-based conservation in a globalized world. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104: 15188-15193.
Bernard, H.R. 2006. Research methods in anthropology. Altamira. 4 ed. 883p.
Brasil, 1967. Lei n° 5.197, de 3 de janeiro de 1967. Dispõe sobre a proteção à fauna e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. (Acesso em: 28/08/2018).
Brasil, 1998. Lei nº 9.605, de 12 de fevereiro de 1998. Dispõe sobre as sanções penais e administrativas derivadas de condutas e atividades lesivas ao meio ambiente, e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. (Acesso em: 28/08/2018).
Brasil, 2003. Lei nº 10.826, de 22 de dezembro de 2003. Dispõe sobre registro, posse e comercialização de armas de fogo e munição, sobre o Sistema Nacional de Armas – Sinarm, define crimes e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União. (Acesso em: 28/08/2018).
Bodmer, R. & Lozano, E.P. Rural Development and Sustainable Wildlife Use. 2001. Conservation Biology, 15: 1163-1170.
Campbell, L.M. & Vainio-Mattila, A. 2003. Participatory development and community-based conservation: Opportunities missed for lessons learned? Human Ecology, 31: 417-438.
Chambers, R. 1994. The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal. World Development, 22: 953-969.
Chiaravalloti, R.M.; Delelis, C.; Tofoli, C.; Padua, C.V.; Ribeiro, K.T. & Menezes, G.A. 2015. Federal protected areas management strategies in Brazil: Sustainable financing, staffing, and local development. Natureza e Conservação, 13: 30-34.
Constantino, P.D.A.L.; Carlos, H.S.A.; Ramalho, E.E.; Rostant, L.; Marinelli, C.E.; Teles, D.; Fonseca-Junior, S.F.; Fernandes, R.B. & Valsecchi ,J. 2012. Empowering Local People through Community-based Resource Monitoring: a Comparison of Brazil and Namibia. Ecology and Society, 17: art22.
Costa-Pereira, R.; Roque, F.; Constantino, P.; Sabino, J. & Uehara-Prado, M. 2013. Monitoramento in situ da biodiversidade. Relatório técnico. ICMBio. 61p.
Danielsen, F. et al. 2014. A Multicountry Assessment of Tropical Resource Monitoring by Local Communities. BioScience, 64: 236-251.
De Mattos, Vieira M.A.R.; Von Muhlen, E.M. & Shepard, Jr. G.H. 2015. Participatory monitoring and management of subsistence hunting in the Piagaçu-Purus Reserve, Brazil. Conservation and Society, 13: 254-264.
Dressler, W.; Buscher, B.; Schoon, M.; Brockington. D.; Hayes, T.; KullL, C.A.; MCcarthy, J. & Shrestha, K. 2010. From hope to crisis and back again? A critical history of the global CBNRM narrative. Environmental Conservation, 37: 5-15.
Fernandez, F.D.S; Antunes, P.C.; Macedo, L. & Zucco, C.A. 2012. How Sustainable Is The Use of Natural Resources in Brazil? Natureza & Conservação, 10: 77-82. ICMBio (Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade). Resex Tapajós-Arapiuns. . (Acesso em: 28/08/2018).
________. Instrução Normativa nº 3, de 04 de setembro de 2017. Institui o Programa Nacional de Monitoramento da Biodiversidade do Instituto Chico Mendes. Diário Oficial da União. (Acesso em: 28/08/2018).
Hackel, J.D. 1999. Community conservation and the future of Africa’s wildlife. Conservation Biology, 13: 726-734. Homewood, K.; Trench, P.C. & Brockington, D. 2009. Pastoralism and Conservation – Who Benefits? 239-252 In: D. Roe; J. Elliott; C. Sandbrook & M. Walpole (org.), Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation: Exploring the Evidence for a Link, John Wiley & Sons. 350p.
Kellert, S.R.; Mehta, J.N.; Ebbin, S.A. & Lichtenfield, L.L. 2000. Community Natural Resource Management : Promise, Rhetoric, and Reality Community Natural Resource Management. Society & Natural Resources, 13: 705-715.
Kumpel, N.F.; Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Cowlishaw, G. & Rowcliffe, J.M. 2009. Assessing Sustainability at Multiple Scales in a Rotational Bushmeat Hunting System. Conservation Biology, 24: 861-871
Lewis J. 2007. Enabling forest people to map their resources and monitor illegal logging in Cameroon. Before Farming, 2: 1-7. Lima, D. de M. & Peralta, N. 2017. Developing Sustainability in the Brazilian Amazon: Twenty Years of History in the Mamirauá and Amanã Reserves. Journal of Latin American Studies. : 1-29.
Mackenzie, D.I.; Nichols, J.D.; Lachman, G.B.; Droege, S.; Andrew, J. & Langtimm, C. A. 2014. Estimating Site Occupancy Rates When Detection Probabilities Are Less Than One Ecology, 83: 2248-2255.
Nelson, F. & Agrawal, A. 2008. Patronage or participation? Community-based natural resource management reform in Sub-Saharan Africa. Development and Change. 39: 557-585.
Padua, C.V. & Chiaravalloti, R.M. 2012. Pesquisa e Conhecimento na Gestão de Unidades de Conservação. Pages 139-155. In: M.O. Cases (org.). Gestão de Unidades de Conservação: compartilhando uma experiência de capacitação. WWF-Brasil/IPE-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Brasilia.
Peres, C. & Lake, I.R. 2003. Extent of Nontimber Resource Extraction in Tropical Forests: Accessibility to Game Vertebrates by Hunters in the Amazon Basin. Conservation Biology. 17: 521-535.
Peres, C.A. 2001. Synergistic effects of subsistence hunting and habitat fragmentation on Amazonian forest vertebrates. Conservation Biology. 15: 1490–1505.
Pinedo-Vasquez, M.; Ruffino, M.L.; Padoch, C. & Brondízio, E.S. 2011. The Amazon Várzea: The Past Decade and the Decade Ahead. Page Media. Springer, London.
Reis Y. 2017. Aspectos da caça de subsistência em comunidades extrativistas no oeste do estado do Pará (Amazônia, Brasil). Dissertação (Mestrado em Ecologia). Museu Emilio Goeldi. 150 p.
Reis, Y.M.S.; Valsecchi, J. & Queiroz, H. (no prelo). Caracterização do uso da fauna silvestre para subsistência em uma unidade de conservação no oeste do Pará. Biodiversidade Brasileira.
Rodríguez, J.P. et al. 2007. Environment: globalization of conservation: a view from the south. Science (New York, N.Y.) 317: 755-756.
Thomas, L.; Buckland, S.T.; Burnham, K.P.; Anderson, D.R.; Laake, J.L.; Borchers, D.L. & Strindberg, S. 2002. Distance sampling. Pages 544,552. In: A.H. El-Shaarawi & W.W. Piegorsch (org). Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; Chichester - UK.
Vieira, M.A.R.; von Muhlen, E.M. & Shepard Jr, G.H. 2015. Participatory monitoring and management of subsistence hunting in the Piagaçu-Purus reserve, Brazil. Conservation and Society, 13(3): 254-264.
Westgate, M.J.; Likens G.E. & Lindenmayer, D.B. 2013. Adaptive management of biological systems: A review. Biological Conservation, 158: 128-139.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Os artigos estão licenciados sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). O acesso é livre e gratuito para download e leitura, ou seja, é permitido copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer mídia ou formato.
v3-3-0-3-2-1-8-release.27