The Protected Areas Assets: Case Study in Wetlands
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37002/biodiversidadebrasileira.v9i2.774Keywords:
Resources and values, management, conservation unitsAbstract
Protected áreas (PAs) are globally recognized as the main mechanism to ensure the conservation of natural systems and their biodiversity, namely in high conservation priority areas such as wetlands. Although PAs are essential to secure support for the protection of iconic landscapes, threatened species and ecosystem services, they often have important social and economic costs that are increasingly difficult to justify in periods of economic and food insecurity. A recently proposed conceptual model to support PA management (re-)defines these areas as a system of biophysical, human, infrastructure, institutional and cultural assets. According to this model, PAs can be managed and planned to generate different forms of value for society, thus contributing to increase their social and political resilience and facilitating the identification of potential investments that can help to identify and capture value by multiple sectors of the society. In this study, we apply the PA asset framework to characterize the presence of assets in Brazilian National parks located in wetlands through the systematic revision of their management plans. Specifically, we identify which assets are present and most frequently identified in these areas. Our results suggest that the number of identified assets in management plans is limited, focusing mostly on biophysical assets associated with biodiversity conservation (e.g. species of conservation importance, economically valuable species) and the infrastructure necessary for park management and maintenance activities (e.g. permanent workers and managers, management infrastructure, electricity and vehicles, and planning and zoning strategies). On the other hand, given the national and global socio-cultural importance of wetlands, a lack of recognition of human and cultural assets suggests that their inclusion in management plans may benefit their value generating potential. In summary, we argue that identifying PA assets and revealing their benefits and values, which may be neglected in management plans, offers an innovative approach for managers to explore new investment and management opportunities for value generation in PAs.
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