Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Study of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke (Rhamnaceae) – a Review

Resumo

Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, popularly known as “saracura-mirá”, belongs the family plants Rhamnaceae. This plant it has limited occurrence to the of the Amazon region and have showing numerous ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties. In this review, among the pharmacological properties found are antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal, trypanocidal, antimalarial, larvicidal, immunobiological and anti-inflammatory, diuretic and antidiuretic, cytotoxic and antitumor, adaptogenic and immunomodulatory activities. Metabolites related to antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity were not found in the literature. The metabolites betulinic acid, 3ß-hydroxylup-20 (29) -eno-27,28-diioic acid and 2T, 3ß-dihydroxylup-20 (29) -eno-27,28 were found in the methanolic and ethyl acetate extract. -dioecious. For antimalarial and larvicidal activity, no metabolites were found for such activities. Complex saponins present in the aqueous extract were related to immunobiological and anti-inflammatory activities. Saponins and triterpenes mixed with saponins from the ethanolic extract of dry roots were related to diuretic and antidiuretic activity. The compounds 3ß-hydroxilup-20 (29) -en-27, 28-dioic acid and 2T, 3ß-dihydroxilup-20 (29) -eno-27,28-dioic acid found in the crude extract of hexane, ethyl- acetate, ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous from A. amazonicus demonstrated cytotoxic and antitumor activity. No compounds related to adaptogenic and immunomodulatory activity were found. The present work reviewed the ethnobotanical and pharmacological properties of Ampelozizyphus amazonicus.